Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
mpa
Core Question:
3
UGFN1000 In Dialogue with Nature
與自然對話
4
Text
5
The author
Main focus: History of
medieval and early modern
science, especially physical
science and the relationship
between religion and science
was recipient of the Sarton
medal (薩頓勳章) in 1999 (the
medalists include Joseph
Needham in 1968, I. Bernard
Cohen in 1974, Edward Grant
in 1992)
David C. Lindberg (1935-2015),
an American historian of science
http://histsci.wisc.edu/people/faculty/lindberg/lindberg.shtml
7
Praise for the 1st Edition:
9
Chapter 3:Aristotle’s Philosophy of Nature
Metaphysics – sources
of motions, etc.
Motion – terrestrial Epistemology - Theory
and celestial motions of knowledge
10
Plato
(Forms) has objective,
independent, and indeed
prior existence.
Text 1b , Para. 39
Aristotle
There is no perfect form of a dog, for
example, existing independently in the
world of forms and replicated imperfectly
in individual dogs.
Text 2, Para. 4
11
Plato’s attention was naturally directed toward the
eternal forms, knowable through reason or philosophical
reflection. Aristotle’s metaphysics of concrete individuals,
by contrast, directed his quest for knowledge toward the
material world of individuals, of nature, and of change – a
world encountered through the senses
Text 2, Para. 9
12
Importance of Aristotle’s work
13
Lecture today…
14
Nature and Change
Aristotle:
1. No matter without form, and no form without
matter;
2. Important: identify the forms of things
(classification of forms) 16
Change: What?
If something is perfect,
it will neither be improved or
deteriorate.
Circle is perfect. It does not change no matter
how we rotate it.
celestial objects are perfect, so they all move
in circles.
downward 30
Natural motion Mover Violent motion
31
Motion of Mars and Saturn
on the celestial sphere
from 1/2 to 30/4/2008 32
Prime mover:
Pure actuality
33
(prime mover) Not as efficient cause, for that would require contact
between the mover and the moved, but as final cause. This is, the
Prime Mover is the object of desire for the celestial spheres, which
endeavor to imitate its changeless perfection by assuming eternal,
uniform circular motions.
Text 2, Para. 41
Recall
Efficient cause: Formal cause:
sculptor the shape
36