VALVES

…Moving fluids
 Objectives
• Comprehend the basic construction and
application of valves used
 Valves
• Def’n: devices which control the amount and
direction of fluid flow in piping systems
• Typically made of bronze, brass, iron, or steel
alloy
• Components:
- Valve body - Packing
- Disc - Packing gland/nut
- Seat - Stem
- Bonnet - Wheel
 Types of Valves
• Two basic groups:
• Stop valves - used to shut off or partially shut
off the flow of fluid ( ex: globe, gate, plug,
needle, butterfly)
• Check Valves - used to permit flow in only one
direction (ex: ball-check, swing-check, lift-
check)
• Special types:
• Relief valves
• Pressure-reducing valves
• Remote-operated valves
 Stop Valves
• Globe Valves
• Most common type of stop valve
• Used in steam, air, water, & oil lines
• Disc attached to valve stem rests against seat
to shut off flow of fluid
• Adv: Used for throttling
• Disadv: flow resistance
Globe Valve
 Stop Valves
• Gate Valves
• Used when there must be straight-line flow
of fluid w/ min. resistance
• Gate usually wedge-shaped or a vertical disc
• Adv: No flow restrictions
• Disadv: poor throttling
Gate Valve
 Stop Valves
• Butterfly Valves
• Used in water, fuel, and ventilation systems
• Adv: small, light-weight, & quick-acting
• Disadv: leaks early & only low-flow throttle
• Ball Valves
• Similar to butterfly valves
• Normally found in seawater, sanitary, trim
and drain, and hydraulic systems
Butterfly Valve
 Check Valves
• Controls direction of flow
• Operated by flow of fluid in pipe
• Types:
• Swing check - disc moves through an arc
• Lift check - disc moves up and down
• Ball check - ball is located at end of stem and
lifts to allow flow
Swing-check Valve
 Relief Valves
• Used to protect piping system from
excessive pressure
• Opens automatically when fluid pressure
becomes too high (pressure acts against
spring pressure)
• Relieving pressure set by an adjusting
screw
 Pressure-reducing Valves
• Used to automatically provide a steady,
lower pressure to a system from a higher
pressure source
• Used in air, lube-oil, seawater, and other
systems
 Remote-operated Valves
• Valves that allow operation from distant
stations
• Types:
• Mechanical - uses reach rods and gears
• Hydraulic - uses fluid and piston set up
• Motor - uses and electric or pneumatic
motor
• Solenoid - uses coil and core mechanism to
open or close on an electric signal