PHILIPPINE

VALUES
DEFINITION

 Etymology: comes from the Latin word “valere”

which means “to be strong” or “to be worth”

 Standards which a group of society judges the

desirability and importance of persons, ideas,
actions or objects

 Shared conceptions of or beliefs in what are

considered desirable or undesirable
DEFINITION

 Something deserving of one’s efforts

 Princples or ideas in which groups and individuals

may believe strongly

 Enduring conception of the preferable which

influences choice and action

 Ideals, customs, institutions of a society toward

which the members have an affective regard
DEFINITION

 The utility of a thing, the environmental

conditions at the time of evaluation

 that quality of anything which renders it

desirable or useful
VALUE CLARIFICATION
PROCESSES

 Choosing
1. Chosen freely
2. It is chosen among alternatives and with
consideration of the consequences

 Affirming or Prizing
1. There is celebration
2. There is public affirmation
VALUE CLARIFICATION
PROCESSES

 Acting
1. The value must be acted upon
2. Acting must be repeatedly done
3. Value should enhance and not impede the
development of the emotional and spiritual
well-being
IMPORTANCE OR FUNCTIONS
OF VALUES
1. Provide the framework within which judgements
are made
2. Give purpose and direction to the lives of the
people
3. Give meaning and significance to life and to the
totality of the society
4. Make things desirable, satisfying and worthy of
approval
5. Define what are important to people
6. Provide the gap between knowledge and
action
7. Have a primordial place in education
THEORIES

 The Inner Man of Mentalistic Theory of

Values by William James

- They are constructions and are for

each of us but a product of each
individual’s desires, wants and needs
THEORIES

 The Outer Man or Behavioral Theory of

Vlues by B.F. Skinner

- You get punished or rewarded for

what you did, and that reinforcement
is what determines what you’ll deem
good and bad
THEORIES

 The Labeling Theory or Cultural

Relativism Theory of Values

- Theory, things, ideas, events,

behavior are neither good nor bad. It
is the society which labels them
CLASSIFICATION

1. Economic - with material value

2. Behavioral – internalized guides to behavior
a. Instrumental – mode of behavior
b. Terminal – results of behavior
3. Social Values – arising from interpersonal relations
a. Prescriptive – “thou shall”
b. Proscriptive – “thou shall not”
4. Non- social - self-concern values
5. Moral or spiritual values - ethics
THE BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN
OF THE FILIPINO AND HIS
OPPOSING VALUE
ORIENTATIONS
Negrito, Aeta, Ita, Pygmy or Baluga
Oriental or Eastern Strains

Indonesians, Malays,
Chinese, Japanese,
Arabs, Thais, etc.
Occidental or Western Strains

Spanish, Americans,
Portugese, English.
NON- RATIONALISM
VS.
RATIONALISM
 NON- RATIONALISM
Belief in the supremacy of nature and
forces outside of oneself like the belief in
ghosts, spirits, gods, or deities, and other
supernatural beings.
It involves uncritical acceptance,
reverence, and protection of traditions
and rituals, unquestioning obedience to
authority and loyalty to one’s group.

“Ang buhay ay parang gulong

ngkapalaran; minsan nasa ilalim, minsan
 RATIONALISM
 Belief that by systematic planning, studying
and training, one can actually control and
manipulate hi or her destiny; one is thus
greatly responsible for his or her own success
or failure.
 Scientific-oriented, liberal and skeptical.
Knowledge and truth is found only in reason.

 “Kapag may katwiran ipaglaban mo!”

 PERSONALISM
VS.
IMPERSONALISM
 PERSONALISM
Tendency to give importance to
interpersonal and intrapersonal relations
in working arrangements.
Kinship, wether by blood or ritual,
friendship and intimacy are considered
in getting things done.

“kaibigan, kamag- anak, utang na loob,

pakikisama”
IMPERSONALISM
Tendency to eliminate the
influence of friendship or kinship in
working relations.
Working relationship is based on
merit and qualifications.

“walang personalan, trabaho

lamang, walang mahirap-walang
mayaman”
NATIONALISM
VS.
UNIVERSALISM
NATIONALISM

Advocacy of making one’s nation

distinct and separate from others
in intellectual, social, and cultural,
economic, political and moral
matters.

“PILIPINO AKO! PILIPINO TAYO!”

 INTERNATIONALISM

Rests in the belief in having between

and among nations for their mutual
and common benefit. Advocacy of
making nations of the world as one
global community.
GENERAL
FILIPINO VALUES
GENERAL FILIPINO VALUES
BAHALA NA FILIPINO TIME
UTANG NA LOOB MANANA HABIT
USE OF EUPHEMISMS NINGAS COGON TENDENCY
PAGGALANG HELE-HELE – BAGO QUIERE OR PAKIPOT
LACK OF SPORTSMANSHIP PALABRA DE HONOR
GENERAL FILIPINO VALUES
COLONIAL MENTALITY PAGKAMATIISIN
BAKA-SAKALI ATTITUDE CRAB MENTALITY
LAKAD SYSTEM FIESTA SYNDROME
LAGAY SYSTEM
List of Filipino Traits
and Characteristics,
Values, and
Practices
Traits and Characteristics

 You are jovial, fun-loving, and fiesta-

loving.

 You are an adventurist: World’s

largest population of OCW’s, the
citizens of the world.

 You have pakiramdam(deep feeling,

sensitivity).
Traits and Characteristics

 You are very spiritual.

 You are timeless.

 You are spaceless.

 You are excellent at adjustments and

improvisations.
Traits and Characteristics

 You are hospitable, kind and full of

desire to share with others what you
have.

 You have a strong sense of familism and

family ties.

 You have a strong belief in superstitions

and the spirit of dead relatives.
 Traits and Characteristics

 You never forget what you have

experienced, the favors or sympathies
you have received, friendship shown to
you.

 You tend to take revenge in subtle or

more pronounced ways; hard to forget
or to forget the offender; vindictive,
mapagtanim, pagbabayaran mo ang
ginawa mo sa akin!
 Traits and Characteristics

 You are good in art and singing.

 You like gossip and entertainment often

more than intellectual activity.

 You are fond of giving and attending

parties.

 You are less autonomous and more

dependent.
Traits and Characteristics

You are an overprotective and

sometimes intrusive parent.

You tend to spice your hard life

with laughter, which is a kind of
psychological therapy in times of
difficulties, problems and untoward
incidents.
Traits and Characteristics

You tend to use indirect

communication and euphemisms
to avoid frankness.

You tend to show gaya-gaya,

palabas, segurista.
Values, Attitudes, and
Predispositions

Balat-sibuyas

Indolence mentality

Pwede na mentality

National amnesia mentality

Values, Attitudes, and
Predispositions

 Tayo-tayo system

 Patronage system

 Arimuhan attitude

 Pagpapahalaga sa chastity, purity,

at virginity
Values, Attitudes, and
Predispositions
 Mahilig sa pampaganda at pampaputi

 Mahilig sa pagsali sa “gameshows” o

“contests”

 Mahilig sa Guiness Book of World Records

 Mahilig sa telenobela o teleserye

Values, Attitudes, and
Predispositions
Mahilig sa Videoke kahit nababaril
sa pag-awit

Mahilig ang kabataan sa rock

bands at ASL ng Internet

Mahilig mag-idolo ng artista o sikat

na basketbolista
 Values, Attitudes, and
Predispositions

 Mahilig sa mga “free taste” at libre

 Mahilig magbigay ng party o blow-out

 Mahilig sa five-six at mangsangla ng ATM

 Mahilig mangutang at nagagalit kapag

nasisingil
 Values, Attitudes, and
Predispositions

 Mahilig sa mga “pirated” at imported goods

 Mapaniwalain sa salestalk at advertisements

 Mahilig sa window shopping at mall hopping

 Mahilig sa Segunda Mano at Ukay-ukay

Values, Attitudes, and
Predispositions
Mahilig sa “discounts,” “closing-out
sales,” at “baratillo”

Mapaniwalain sa multo, kulam,

usog, kaluluwa, lamang lupa

Mapaniwalain sa mga milagro

Values, Attitudes, and
Predispositions

Matibay na bigkis ng pamilya

Filipino Customs or Practices
 In the Filipino English:
 “Frigidaire” means refrigerator

 “For a while” means one moment please

 You say “open” or “close” the light

 “Comfort room” instead of rest room

 “Xerox” instead of photocopy

 “Canteen” instead of cafeteria

 “Kodakan” instead of take pictures

Filipino Customs or Practices

In the Filipino English:

 “Colgate” instead of toothpaste
 “Boose” instead of bus
 “Cutex” instead of nail polish
 “Softdrinks” instead of soda
 “Rubber shoes” instead of sneakers
 “Ballpen” instead of pen
 “Stockings” instead of pantyhouse
 “Pampers” instead of diapers
Filipino Customs or Practices

 Pagdidisplay ng mga larawan,

diploma, plake sa living room

 May larawan ng Last Supper sa

dining room at display ng
malaking kahoy na kutsara at
tinidor

 Nakataas ang isang paa habang

kumakain
Filipino Customs or Practices

 Nag-uusap habang puno ng

pagkain ang bibig

 Mas maraming kanin kaysa ulam

 Pagdidildil ng asin, toyo, ketsap, o

patis bilang ulam

 Pag-inom ng maraming tubig para

mabusog kung konte ang pagkain
Filipino Customs or Practices

Paggamit ng tabo bilang hinawan

bago kumain kumain para lamang
mabasa ang kamay para di
dumikit ang kanin

Paghigop ng sabaw na
sumasagitsit

Hinuhugasan ang tinapay sa kape

bago ito kainin
Filipino Customs or Practices
 Pagpunta sa handaan kahit hindi
inimbitahan at kasama pa ang
buong pamilya

 Pagbabalot ng pagkain
pagkatapos kumain sa piyesta o
handaan

 Pagbabalot ng natirang pagkain

sa restoran, gayon din yung mga
buto at left-overs para daw sa
mga alagang hayop sa bahay
Filipino Customs or Practices
 Pagkukulambo habang
nanananghalian o kumakain sa tanghali

 Kumain ng higit sa 3 beses sa isang araw

 Ang sandwich ay “snacks” lamang hindi

“meal”

 Sa pagkain ay laging may kasamang

patis, toyo, suka, ketsap o bagoong
Filipino Customs or Practices

 Sa restoran, pinupunasan muna ng

napkin ang mga plato, kutsara’t tinidor
bago ito gamitin

 Paggamit ng daliri o palito ng posporo

bilang toothpick

 Paggamit ng asin bilang toothpaste

 Suki system of buying or getting services

Filipino Customs or Practices

Pambabarat o pagtawad sa
bibilhin

Kapag nakakita ng bagay na

pwede pang magamit,
dinarampot o hinihingi para
pakinabangan

Paggamit ng luma o sirang damit

bilang basahan
Filipino Customs or Practices
Nagkakaingay at sigaw ng sigaw
kapag nakakita ng artista o
nakikinig sa isang sikat na mang-
aawit

Pagkuha ng maraming ninong at

ninang o sponsors sa kasal o binyag

Pagpili sa mga pulitiko o malalaking

tao bilang sponsors sa kasal o
binyag
Filipino Customs or Practices
Pinagkikitaan ang burol ng patay,
may sari-saring sugal, abuloy,
kape at tinapay sa paglalamay

Paghahagis ng piso o barya sa

daan habang dumaraan ang
karo ng patay

Pag-iipit ng perang papel sa daliri

ng patay habang ito’y nakaburol
Filipino Customs or Practices
Tinatanong ang kakilalang
kasalubong kung saan ito pupunta
lalo na kung ito ay bihis na bihis

Paggamit ng nguso upang ituro ang

isang bagay

Pagbasa ng laway sa daliri pag

nagbibilang ng pera o pagbubukas
ng pahina ng aklat
Filipino Customs or Practices
 Paggamit ng susi o palito ng posporo
sa pagtanggal ng tutule o paglilinis ng
tenga

 Pagsasapin ng dyaryo o papel sa

pawisang likod

 Pagpaparami ng anak kahit wala nang

makain

 Pagtawag sa kakilala sa pamamagitan

ng pagsutsot o pagpaswit
Filipino Customs or Practices
 Pagsipol sa dumadaang seksi

 Paghihingutuhan sa mga baytang

ng hagdanan

 Pakikipagkapitbahay at
pakikipagtsismisan sa buhay ng
may buhay

 Panghihiram ng anumang
kagamitan sa kapitbahay
 Filipino Customs or Practices

 Pagggamit ng panghilod na bato at

tabo sa paliligo

 Paliligo sa baha sa kalye

 Paggamit ng kakaiba at wirdong

pangalan

 Pagbibigay ng mga alyas o

katawagan sa tao
Filipino Customs or Practices
 Pagdidikit ng bubble gum sa ilalim ng
upuan

 Pagtatapon ng basura kahit saan

 Pag-ihi kahit saan matalikod lamang

 Bara-barangay kung sumundo o

maghatid ng kamag-anak sa airport
Filipino Customs or Practices
 Babay pa nang babay sa kamag-anak kahit
malayong malayo na ang eroplano

 Pag-uwi ng pasalubong sa mga kamag-anak

lalo’t balikbayan o galing sa malayong lugar

 Nagkakamot sa ulo kapag nayayamot o

naiinis

 Nakapaghahatid ng may 30 mensahe sa

ekspresyon ng mukha
Filipino Customs or Practices

 Pangongolekta ng mga “items” o maliliit

na bagay sa mga airlines, hotel, o
restoran bilang “souvenir”

 Nagtatanim ng galit at benggatibo o

mapaghiganti

 Kapag nagkakasakit at hindi makakain

saka pa ibibili ng masasarap na pagkain
Filipino Customs or Practices
 Pinapupurihan ang isang tao kapag ito ay
patay na at hindi habang ito ay buhay pa

 Pagdadala ng maysakit sa ospital kung ito

ay malubha na

 Paglilibre ng nakasakay na kakilala sa

sasakyan

 Pagtulog sa sasakyan
Filipino Customs or Practices

 Pagpahid ng laway sa tiyan bilang

pangontra sa usog

 Paglalagay ng sinulid sa noo ng sanggol

kapag ito ay sinisinok

 Masyadong personal sa pagtatanong

 Kumakatok pagpara ng dyip

Filipino Customs or Practices

 Sumasabit sa dyip at bumababa ng

walang bayad

 Pipiliin pang maligaw sa paghahanap

ng address kaysa magtanong ng
direksyon

 Paghingi pa ng pasintabi o apology sa

pagbibigay ng regalo
Filipino Customs or Practices

 Pagkakamot ng likod sa poste o haligi

 Naglalakong buhat sa likod ang

aparador, papag, o kabinet

 Tumatawid saanmang bahagi ng daan

 Ginagawang basketbolan, tuyuan ng

isda o palay, lamayan o lugar ng party
ang mga kalye
Filipino Customs or Practices

 Ang isang silid na bahay o dampa ay

ginagamit na sala, kainan, tulugan, o laruan

 Ginagawang sabaw ang kape sa kanin

 Ginagawang paste ang kanin

 Nagtatago kapag may naniningil ng utang

Filipino Customs or Practices
 Pangangako na madalas ay napapako

 Pagkain sa ibabaw ng nitso at parang

pyesta kapag All Souls Day

 Pagsasama-sama ng mga buto ng mga

namatay na kamag-anak sa loob ng
isang nitso

 Pangungutang para lamang may

ihanda sa pyesta
Filipino Customs or Practices

 Ilalabas lamang ang mamahaling

kubyertos at kahamitan kung pyesta o
may bisita lamang

 Tinatrato ang bisita na parang may-ari

ng bahay

 Paggamit ng pangalang “Junior” sa

mga anak na lalaki
Filipino Customs or Practices

 Pagiging magulang ng panganay

kapag namatay ang mga magulang

 Paghingi ng tulong sa mga kamag-anak

 Ang selebrasyon ng Pasko ay September

hanggang January