INFORMATION SYSTEMS Lecturer : Zaira Hassan

Week 2.
I N F O R MATION S Y S TEM S C O N C EP TS Bs (IT)17 (A)(B)

(school of IT) By: Zaira Hassan

COURSE CONTENTS : IS
Course Name: Information Systems

Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: None
Course: ITS-415
Marks: 100

Course Outline:
Information Systems Concepts, Types, Advantages, and Global Challenges. System Development Life Cycle.
System Investigation, Systems Analysis, Systems Design, Environmental Design Considerations, System
Implementations, Ethical and Social Issues, Systems Operations and Maintenance. Themes in information systems
development. System Development Techniques. Information Systems Development Tools and toolsets.
Information Systems Development Methodologies.
COURSE CONTENTS : IS
Course description
The objective of this course is to introduce the students to the Information Systems and its
application in organizations. The course would expose the students to the managerial issues
relating to information systems and help them identify and evaluate various options in
Information Systems.

Course objectives
At the end of the course, it is expected that students are able to understand the usage of Information
Systems in management. The students also would understand the activities that are undertaken in
acquiring an Information System in an organization. Further the student would be aware of various
Information System solutions like ERP, CRM, Data warehouses and the issues in successful
implementation of these technology solutions in any organization.
Information Systems Concepts
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEM

An information system (IS) is a set of interrelated elements or

components that collect (input), manipulate (process), store, and
disseminate (output) data and information, and that provide a
corrective reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an objective.
COMPONENTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM

Input
Input is the activity of gathering and capturing raw data.

Example

In a university grading system, instructors must submit student grades

before a summary of grades can be compiled and sent to students.
COMPONENTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM
Processing
processing means converting or transforming data into useful outputs.

Example
Processing can involve making calculations, comparing data and taking
alternative actions.
In a payroll application, the number of hours each employee worked must be
converted into net, or take-home pay.
 COMPONENTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM
Output
output involves producing useful information,

when output is not accurate or not available when needed,

it can cause major disruptions in organization work processes.
Example
For example, a system-wide computer failure forced Southwest Airlines to ground
some 250 flights for one night. The computer glitch impaired the airline’s ability to
conduct check-ins, print boarding passes, and monitor the weight of each aircraft.
COMPONENTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM
Feedback
feedback is information from the system that is used to make changes to input or
processing activities.
MANUAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTERIZE INFORMATION
SYSTEM

Manual-based information system is one that does not rely on computerized system.
Manual based system will see information recorded and kept in different ways such
as in files in paper form
 COMPUTERIZE INFORMATION SYSTEM

computer-based information system (CBIS): A single set of hardware, software, databases,

telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and
process data into information.
COMPONENTS OF CBIS
Hardware: Computer equipment used to perform input, processing, storage, and
output activities.

Tablet computer The trend in the computer industry is to produce smaller, faster, and
more mobile hardware, such as tablet computers.
COMPONENTS OF CBIS
software: The computer programs that govern the operation of the computer.

for example
an operating system mainly for touch screen mobile devices such as smartphones
and tablet computers applications were available for devices that run under the
Android operating system.
COMPONENTS OF CBIS
Databases
A database is an organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or
more related data files. An organization’s database can contain facts and information on
customers, employees, inventory, competitors’ sales, online purchases, and much more.
COMPONENTS OF CBIS
Telecommunications is the electronic transmission of signals for communications,
which enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective
computer networks.
COMPONENTS OF CBIS
PROCEDURE
A procedure defines the steps to follow in order to achieve a specific end result
such as enter a customer order, pay a supplier invoice, or request a current
inventory report.

These are the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using a CBIS.
COMPONENTS OF CBIS
People
people are the most important element in computer-based information systems.
Those who build great companies understand that the ultimate throttle on growth for
any great company is not markets, or technology, or competition, or products. It is one
thing above all others: the ability to get and keep enough of the right people.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF CBIS
ADVANTAGES OF CBIS
Communication – with help of information technologies the instant messaging, emails,
voice and video calls becomes quicker, cheaper and much efficient.
Availability – information systems has made it possible for businesses to be open 24
hrs. all over the globe.

Creation of new types of jobs – one of the best advantages of information systems
is the creation of new and interesting jobs.
DISADVANTAGE OF CBIS
Security issues : hackers get access to identities and corporate saboteurs target sensitive
company data. Such data can include vendor information, bank records, and personal data on
company management.

Unemployment and lack of job security As technology improves, tasks that were
formerly performed by human employees are now carried out by computer systems.

Implementation expenses – to integrate the information system it require pretty

good amount of cost in a case of software, hardware and people.
REFERENCE MATERIAL
1. Fundamentals of Information Systems by Ralph Stair and George Reynolds, Course Technology; 6th
Latest edition (January 1, -). ISBN-10: 0840062184
2. Information Systems Development: Methodologies, Techniques & Tools by David Avison and Guy
Fitzgerald, McGraw-Hill; 4th Latest edition (May 1, -). ISBN-10: 0077114175
3. Introduction to Information Systems: Supporting and Transforming Business by R. Kelly Rainer and
Casey G. Cegielski, Wiley; 3rd Latest edition (June 16, -). ISBN-10: 0470473525
4. Information Systems by Richard T. Watson, Create Space Independent Publishing Platform (March
20, -). ISBN-10: 1475074921
5. https://blogs.deusto.es/master-informatica/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-information-systems