SAI SPURTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Accredited by NAAC-UGC and ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution)

B.GANGARAM,SATHUPALLY,KHAMMAM,TELANGANA-507303
A.Y:2017-2018
DEDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

A
Technical seminar
on
“HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE”

Submitted by

G.BHAVANI KRISHNA 14C51A0208

SENIOR FACULTY SEMINAR SUPERVISOR HEAD OFTHEDEPARTMENT

Mr.A.GOPI Mr.T.RAMBABU Mr.K.RAMAKRISHNA PRASAD
M.Tech(PE&ED) M.Tech(PE&ED) M.Tech(PE)

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A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) augments an electric vehicle (EV)
with a second source of power referred to as the alternative
power unit (APU).
A hybrid can achieve the cruising range and performance
advantages of conventional vehicles with the low-noise, low-
exhaust emissions, and energy independence benefits of electric
vehicles
Accordingly, the hybrid concept, where the power unit is used
as a second source of energy, is gaining acceptance and is
overcoming some of the problems of pure electric vehicles.
 Any vehicle that combines 2 or more sources of power is said to
be hybrid. For example, a moped (a motorized pedal bike),
diesel-electric hybrid locomotives
Relies not only on batteries but also on an combustion engine
which drives a generator to provide electricity and may also
drive a wheel.
Alternative power unit to supply the power required by vehicle,
to recharge the batteries, and to power accessories like the air
conditioner and heater.

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 Two types of hybrid vehicle configurations

Parallel Hybrids

Series Hybrids

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 Fuel tank, which supplies gasoline to engine.
Set of batteries that supplies power to an electric motor.
Both the engine and the electric motor can turn the
transmission at the same time, and the transmission then
turns the wheels.

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 When the APU is off, the parallel hybrid runs like an
electric vehicle
When the APU is on, the controller divides energy between
the drive train (propulsion) and the batteries (energy
storage).
Under acceleration, more power is allocated to the drive
train than to the batteries. During periods of idle or low
speeds, more power goes to the batteries than the drive
train.
The batteries also provide additional power to the drive train
when the APU is not producing enough and also to power
auxiliary systems such as the air conditioner and heater.

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 Similar to an electric vehicle with an on- board generator
The vehicle runs on battery power like a pre electric vehicle
until the batteries reach a predetermined discharged level.
At that point the APU turns on and begins recharging the
battery.
The APU operates until the batteries are charged to a
predetermined level.
APU never directly powers the vehicle

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 The length of time the APU is on depends on the size of the
batteries and the APU itself.
Since the APU is not directly connected to the drive train,
it can be run at its optimal operating condition; hence, fuel
economy is increased and emissions are reduced relative to
a pure IC engine vehicle.

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 Electric drive motors
to provide the power forpropulsion
converts electric energy to mechanical energy
(motion) to drive the hybrid vehicle.
Direct Current Motors, Alternating Current Motors
The two possible configurations of electric drive
motors in a hybrid vehicle
single electric motor connected to the wheels through a
drive train and multiple electric motors, one located at
each wheel.
 Auxiliary Power Units
Supplies the baseline power required to the vehicle,
recharges the batteries and powers accessories such as the
air conditioner andheater.
The APU can consist of a mechanical type engine or a fuel
cell.
Spark Ignition Engine, Compression Ignition Engines,
fuel Cells
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 Generators
to convert the mechanical power into
electrical power when used in a series
hybrid.

 Energy Storage Systems

Peak power required in hybrid vehicles is met by devices
like batteries, capacitors or a flywheel.
store energy and readily release it when needed.

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 Regenerative Braking
some of the energy is converted into
electrical energy and stored.
rotational energy of the braking mechanism generates
electrical power and stores it in thebatteries.

 Control Systems
contains two main components-command andpower
components.
command component manages and processes the
driver’s instructions.
power component chops power flows to control
the motor’s power intake.

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to transport and store hydrogen fuel in thevehicle.
the cost of producing a powerful fuel cell ishigh.
the size and weight issue as fuel cells powerful
enough to power a car or truck are still rather bulky
and heavy.
However technology is maturing fast, so fuel cells may
well prove to be a viable option in automotive technology
in the not so distant future.
Drive slower - The aerodynamic drag on the car increases
dramatically the faster you drive. For example, the drag force at
70 mph (113 kph) is about double that at 50 mph (81 kph). So,
keeping your speed down can increase your mileage
significantly.
Maintain a constant speed - Each time you speed up the car you
use energy, some of which is wasted when you slow the car
down again. By maintaining a constant speed, you will make
the most efficient use of your fuel.
Avoid abrupt stops - When you stop your car, the electric motor
in the hybrid acts like a generator and take some of the energy
out of the car while slowing it down. If you give the electric
motor more time to slow the vehicle, it can recover more of the
energy. If you stop quickly, the brakes on the car will do most of
the work of slowing the car down, and that energy will be
wasted

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Using the concept of Hybridization of cars results in better
efficiency and also saves a lot of fuel in today’s fuel deficit
world.
A hybrid gives a solution to all the problems tosome extent.
If proper research and development is done

in this field, hybrid vehicle promises a

practical, efficient, low pollution vehicle for
the coming era.
One can surely conclude that this concept and the similar ones to
follow with even better efficiency & conservation rate are very
much on the anvil in today’s energy deficit world.

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Thank you