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(Chapter 12)
3 ChEB
Bautista, Monica
Catangay, Marie
Lagundi, Jino
Odono, Vince
INTRODUCTION
Catangay, Marie Antoinette
INTRODUCTION
Greek word “plastikos”, meaning “moldable” or “formable”
STRUCTURAL
GROUPS
POLYMERS
Linear Polymer
consist of long chains of monomers joined by bonds that are
rigid to a certain degree the monomers cannot rotate freely
with respect to each other.
1920 – an event occurred that set the stage for the future rapid development of
plastic materials.
1963 – these two men were awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their
studies of polymers.
PROPERTIES OF
PLASTICS
PROPERTIES
Low strength
Low stiffness (modulus of elasticity)
Tendency to creep
Low hardness (except formaldehyde plastics)
Low density
Brittleness at low temperatures and loss of strength and hardness at
moderately elevated temperatures.
Flammability
PROPERTIES
Outstanding electrical characteristics
Durability on everyday uses
Lightweight (compared to metal and wood)
Resistant to corrosion
Less expensive
Wide variety of colors
Versatile
Ideal Materials for wide use in industry and craftwork.
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF
PLASTICS
KINDS OF
PLASTICS
Odono, Vince
KINDS of PLASTICS
A. Polymerization
- first stage of manufacturing.
- is the process of building up continuous molecular chains from individual
identical monomer units.
Two basic methods:
1. Addition Polymerization (Linear Addition Polymerization)
- is the simple linking of polymer units head o tail to form chains by
opening out a double bond to free a valency.
2. Condensation Polymerization
- in this process, free valencies linking up and removing atoms and a
molecule, such as water, is forced out at each stage in the making of the chain.
-ex: phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and melamine-
formaldehyde, polycarbonates, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane resins,
and polyamides
KINDS of PLASTICS
B. Processibility
- it depends on whether it is thermoplastic or thermosetting.
Thermoplastic – made up of linear or branched polymers. They soften when
heated and harden when cooled. It can be resoftened and remolded many
times by the application of heat near 93 degrees Celsius.
Thermosetting – they are highly cross-linked. Most of it harden when heated. It
can only be softened and molded once, because during polymerization process
the spare valencies of thermosetting plastics link with other atoms in different
molecular chains.
KINDS of PLASTICS
C. Chemical Nature
- it is defines by the monomer ( repeating unit) that makes up the chain of
the polymer.
APLICATIONS
Other
Packaging
Uses
PACKAGING
• The leading user of plastics
– LDPE – marketed in rolls of clear-plastic wrap
– HDPE – used in plastic trash bags, containers
– PVDC – used primarily for its barrier properties to avoid gases
(oxygen) from passing in or out of a package
– PP – effective barrier against water vapor, fiber for carpeting and
rope
– PS
– PVC
CONSTRUCTION
– HDPE – used for pipes as in PVC
– PVC – used in sheets for siding and similar
components
– PS (foam) – serves as insulation for walls, roofs,
and other areas
– Plastic products – roofing, door, window frames,
moldings, hardware
OTHER USES
– Automobile and truck manufacturing – air intake
manifolds, fuel lines, emission canisters, fuel
pumps, electronic devices, interior paneling,
seats, trims.
– Textile fibers – small chips of nylon polymer
– Manufacture of fibers – underwear, blouses,
shirts, raincoats, etc.
HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
– Manufacture of plastics have been shown to
cause cancer (benzene)
– Most synthetic plastics are not environmentally
degradable
– Disposal of plastics are a problem
– Recycling – most practical method of dealing with
the disposal of plastics (PET)
INNOVATION
INDUSTRY UPDATES