COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Tepordei Mariia, RI, 303

 Plan:
• Introduction
• Communication introduction & timeline
• Elements
• Types
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION
• Communication systems are the various processes, both
formal and informal, by which information is passed between
the managers and employees within a business, or between
the business itself and outsiders. Communication—whether
written, verbal, nonverbal, visual, or electronic—has a
significant impact on the way business is conducted. The basic
process of communication begins when a fact or idea is
observed by one person. That person (the sender) may decide
to translate the observation into a message, and then
transmit the message through some communication medium
to another person (the receiver). The receiver then must
interpret the message and provide feedback to the sender
indicating that the message has been understood and
appropriate action taken.
Mobile Communications Systems
In telecommunication, a communications system is a collection
of individual communications networks, transmission systems,
relay stations, tributary stations, and data terminal equipment
(DTE) usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to
form an integrated whole. The components of a communications
system serve a common purpose, are technically compatible, use
common procedures, respond to controls, and operate in union.
Telecommunications is a method of communication (e.g., for
sports broadcasting, mass media, journalism, etc.). A
communications subsystem is a functional unit or operational
assembly that is smaller than the larger assembly under
consideration...
 Communication Systems
History of Communications:
• 1450 Johannes Gutenberg builds the movable printing press.
• 1826 Joseph Niepce produced the wrold’s first permanent
photographic image.
• 1876-Alexander Graham Bell introduced telephone.
• 1877 Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.
• 1895 Guglielmo Marconi develops the wireless telegraph
• 1925 John Logie Baird transmits the first television signal.
• 1954 The transister radio or tubeless radios become
available in the USA
• 1990 The world wide web is created in Europe. It’s chief
architect is Tim Berners-Lee.
 Human Communication
• Methods of communication:
1.Face to face
2.Signals
3.Written word (letters)
4.Electrical innovations:
• Telegraph
• Telephone
• Radio
• Television
• Internet (computer)
• Basic components:

– Transmitter
– Channel or medium
– Receiver

• Noise degrades or interferes with transmitted

information.
 Communication Systems
• Communication is the ability to send and
receive messages.
• People to people
• People to machine
• Machine to people
• Machine to machine
 Communication Systems
• Messages are intended to:
– Inform – news papers, TV news casts
– Educate – texts, video, DVD’s, internet.
– Persuade - advertising
– Control – machines and tools such as Computer
Numeric Control: A type of programmable control
system, directed by mathematical data, which
uses microcomputers to carry out various
machining operations; such as a mill or lathe.
 Communication Systems
• All communication systems include a message,
a sender, a communication channel, and a
receiver.
• A communication channel is the path over
which a message must travel to get from the
sender to the receiver.
Communication Systems
 Communication Systems

A general model of all communication systems

Transfer of information from one place to another is termed as
Communication.

This should be done

- as efficiently as possible
- with as much fidelity/reliability as possible
- as securely as possible

Communication System: Components/subsystems act together to

accomplish information transfer/exchange.
 Elements of a Communication System

Input Output
message message

Input Output
Transducer Transducer
Transmitter Channel Receiver
Input Transducer: The message produced by a source must be converted
by a transducer to a form suitable for the particular type of communication
system.
Example: In electrical communications, speech waves are converted by a
microphone to voltage variation.

Transmitter: The transmitter is a collection of electronic components

and circuits that converts the electrical signal into a signal suitable
for transmission over a given medium.

– Transmitters are made up of

– oscillators,
– amplifiers,
– tuned circuits and filters,
– modulators,
– frequency mixers,
– frequency synthesizers, and other circuits.
Channel: The channel can have different forms:
–atmosphere (or free space),
– coaxial cable,
– fiber optic,
–waveguide, etc.
–System-specific media (e.g., water is the medium for sonar).

•The signal undergoes some amount of degradation from noise, interference and
distortion

Receiver: The receiver’s function is

–To extract the desired signal from the received signal at the channel output and
–to convert it to a form suitable for the output transducer.
•Other functions performed by the receiver:
–amplification (the received signal may be extremely weak),
–demodulation and
–filtering.

Output Transducer: Converts the electric signal at its input into the form desired
by the system user.
Example: Loudspeaker, personal computer (PC), tape recorders.
* Transceivers
– A transceiver is an electronic unit that
incorporates circuits that both send and receive
signals.
– Examples are:
• Telephones
• Fax machines
• Handheld CB radios
• Cell phones
• Computer modems
 Degradation causes
Attenuation
– Signal attenuation, or degradation, exists in all
media of transmission. It is proportional to the
square of the distance between the transmitter
and receiver.
Noise
– Noise is random, undesirable electronic energy
that enters the communication system via the
communicating medium and interferes with the
transmitted message.
 Types of Electronic Communication

• Electronic communications are classified

according to whether they are
1. One-way or two-way transmissions
2. Analog or digital signals.
3. Wired or wireless
Simplex
– The simplest method of electronic communication
is referred to as simplex.
– This type of communication is one-way. Examples
are:
• Radio
• TV broadcasting
• Beeper (personal receiver)
Full Duplex
– Most electronic communication is two-way and is
referred to as duplex.
– When people can talk and listen simultaneously, it
is called full duplex. The telephone is an example
of this type of communication.
Half Duplex
– The form of two-way communication in which
only one party transmits at a time is known as half
duplex. Examples are:
• Police, military, etc. radio transmissions
• Family radio
• Amateur radio
• Analog signal transmission
– Signal is analog
– Modulation techniques are analog
– AM, FM, PM

• Digital signal transmission

– Signal is digital
– Modulation techniques are digital
– ASK, FSK, PSK
• Wired
– Cables
– Fiber optics
• Wireless
– Complete mobility
– Limited mobility
• Wired & wireless mixed
• Satellite communication
 Wireless Communication:
To be transmitted, Information (Data) must
be transformed to electromagnetic signals.
 CONCLUSION
The goal of any form of communication is to
promote complete understanding of a
message. But breakdowns in
communication can occur at any step in the
process. Business managers need to
understand and eliminate the common
obstacles that prevent effective
communication.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Schwartz, M., Bennett, W. R., & Stein, S. (1996).
Communication systems and techniques. New York: IEEE
Press.
Rappaport, T. S. (1996). Wireless communications: principles
and practice. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall PTR.
Radio Communications System (RCS) www.fas.org/man/dod-
101/sys/ship/weaps/radio.htm
John Stone Stone, U.S. Patent 717,512
John Stone Stone, U.S. Patent 726,476
John Stone Stone, U.S. Patent 726,368
John Stone Stone, U.S. Patent 577,214