MAP

MAP
Map - the term map is derived
from the Latin word mappa,
which signifies napkin, cover
cloth or tablecloth.
- is a representation of all or
a portion of the earth drawn to
scale and usually on a plane or
flat surface.
*The use of maps started in the
earliest civilizations of
Mesopotamia and China.
*The Greeks and Romance
advanced the science of
mapmaking and it was the
Europians from the 15th and
17th centuries who really drove
it's development.
*Colonial explorers in the New
World continued to pursue the
science and technology.
*In 20th and 21st centuries, the
western world has been at the
forefront of new mapping
techniques and innovations.
 The Early Maps
* The earliest maps were crude
and inaccurate documents.
* The science and arts of making
maps dates back atleast to
Babylonian kingdom about 2300
B.C.
* Mesopotamian maps of
around 1600 B.C. depicts cities
and tracks
Mediterranian world.
* The map drawn by Hecataeus
in the 6th century B. C. shows
the world as an island, with
Greece at it's center.
* However, by the time of
Aristotle, 350 B. C. everyone
accepted the spherical earth
concept.
* Claudius Ptolemy of Alexandria
was the first to illustrate the
earth as spherical in his world,
which covered the old world
map, which covered the Old
World
from latitudes of about 60N and
30S.
* Anaximander was believed to
have created one of the earliest
Greek maps.
 Medieval and Renaissance
Mapmaking
* The Hereford Mappa Monde,
dating from 1300, is typical of
this type of European map
showing Jerusalem at the center
nd the east to the top.
*was drawn in a sheet of vellum
64 by 54 inches supported by an
oak frame with the actual map
Within a circle 52 inches in
diameter.
* most with the writing was with
blank ink with red and gold leaf
used for emphasis, blue or green
for rivers and seas.
* the mountain ranges were
indicated by scalloped designs
while and walls and towers
indicated the towns.
* a number of monks would
have worked under a master
such as Richard of Haldingham
making numerous copies of this
and other manuscripts used by
the Church for tuition.
* the great European
explorerslik Christopher
Columbus, Vasco de Gamma,
Sebastian Cabot, Amerigo
Magellan all took mapmakers
along on their voyages to map
up the new lands that they
dicovered, as well as the routes
to and from the new lands.
*
the Danish geographer, Clausson
Swart, drew the first known map
of modern Europe in 1427.
* In 1491 Cardinal Nicholas
developed the first modern map
of Germany.
*Erhard Etzlaub produced the
Romweg in 1500, which is
regarded as the earliest route
map.
* In 1508 Roselli produced the
first map to show the entire
known world.
* In 1513 Martin Waldseemuller
produced the first known atlas,
which was made up of 20 maps
of France.
*Gerardus Mercator developed
the cylindrical map projection
known as the Mercator
Projection in 1569.
 The Importance of Map
* People have learned that maps
can bring the world to them
either in whole or in part, and
that maps can provide much
understanding of the earth and
it's inhabitants.
*There is no apparent end to the
use of maps, whether for the
porpuses of education,
Grave, business or national
defense.
 Types of Maps
1. General Map- displays
qualitative information.
2. Thematic Map- displays
quantitative data ordinal,
interval, or ratio.
3.Cartogram- variation on a
thematic map.
4.Special purpose maps- maps
for special uses and have
Not available in general map.
5. Political maps- emphasize
man- made or cultural features
such as the boundaries and
location of nations, states,
provinces, countries and cities.
6.Physical Thematic Maps- show
the distribution of rocks and
minerals, landforms, weather or
climate,
Vegetation, soils or such
geographic phenomena such as
magnetic declination.