All living things are capable of reproduction

to ensure the survival of species. It is a process

of producing new organism of their own kind.

Types of Reproduction:
All living organisms have the capacity to change its genetic
• Sexual reproduction that involves the
composition as a result of change in the environment or evolution.
fusion of male and female sex cells which
Types of Mutation: creates new gene combinations.

• Somatic Mutation - change in the genetic composition in the
somatic cells or body cells.
• Germ Mutation - change in the genetic composition of the
germ cell or reproductive cells.
• Asexual reproduction where in a single
organism can reproduce offspring without
the aid of another.

All living organisms have the capacity to react to a

stimulus (irritability) and adjust to change our situation in his
environment (adaptation) in order to maintain its steady-
All living organisms have the capacity to move.
state condition. The ability of an organism to maintain
Animals are motile, they can move from place to
constant or stable conditions that are necessary for life is
place. Plants, on the other hand, are stationary
called homeostasis. All the activities that help maintain an
and their movement is based on the responses to
organism homeostasis make up the process of regulation.
stimuli. Other organisms have a locomotors parts
In animals, systems like the transport, excretory, endocrine,
for them to move, such as the pseudopods of
nervous, and digestive system are involved in some part of
amoeba and flagella to some bacteria.
the process of regulation. Each of the systems contributes
in maintaining homeostasis.
The sum total of all the physical and chemical
changes undergoing within the organization is called
metabolism. It has been estimated that over 200,000
All living organisms have a specific form and
chemical reactions occur in the cells of your body.
shape. It form and shape is also controlled by
Classification of Metabolic Reaction: its genetic composition and some factors in
the environment.
• Anabolic reactions (anabolism) in which complex
chemicals are built from smaller components

• Catabolic reactions (catabolism) in which large All living organisms have

complex chemicals are broken down into smaller a specific life span. Life
components. span of an organism is
controlled by its genetic

level.
higher level: tissue, Organ or Organ system
an organism, while others attain a much
level of organization but they function as
organization. Some attain only the cellular
All living organisms attain a certain level of
All organisms take material from its composition (rate of
external environment and change aging) and external
them into forms you can use. The environment (disease,
activity is called nutrition, the process of accident, etc.)
procurement of raw materials for
energy. Nutrients are the substances
that an organism needs for energy,
growth, repair, and maintenance.

The capacity to increase its size. Growth among organisms depends on the
incorporation of materials in the form of nutrients into their body called
assimilation. In one celled organism, growth is simply an increase in the size
of the cell, or for a bacteria, growth means the increase in number of
bacteria in a given time. In multicellular organisms, growth is the result of an
increase in both the number and size of cell.