CONTRACT

Pengertian
Suatu bentuk kesepakatan jual
beli barang atau jasa antara
penjual dan pembeli, yang
mana masing-2 pihak saling
mengikatkan diri pada syarat-2
tertentu yang disepakati
 Sales Contract
 Contract ini diterbitkan oleh eksportir
dlm rangka untuk melakukan transaksi
ekspor barang

note :
Akan efektif berlaku sebagai kontrak
apabila sudah disepakati oleh kedua
belah pihak
Offer to sell
 By telephone
 By airmail, courier, cable , facs, e-mail

 Proforma invoice

 Type-written sales contract

 Purchase order

 Contract ini diterbitkan oleh importir

dlm rangka untuk melakukan transaksi
impor barang

note :
Akan efektif berlaku sebagai kontrak
apabila sudah disepakati oleh kedua
belah pihak
 Inquiry to buy

 By telephone
 By airmail, courier, cable , facs, e-mail

 Purchase order

 Type-written purchase contract

Negotiation

 Sales contract ( issued by exporter )

 Purchase order (issued by importer )

ISI CONTRACT
a. Description of goods
b. Term of payment
c. Term of shipment
d. Mode of transport
e. Delivery time
f. Documents
g. Bank charges
h. Packing and shipping marks
i. Inspection
j. Price fluctuation
k. Arbitration
l. Force majeur
m. Trade terms
n. etc
Description of goods
 Name of goods

 Quantity of goods

 Quality of goods

 Price of goods
 Terms of payment

 Clean payment
~ Advance payment
~ Open Account

 Documentary Collection

 Consignment

 Letter of Credit
 Terms of shipment

 Transshipment allowed or not

 Shipment by charter party allowed or not

 Shipping on deck allowed or not

 Partial shipment allowed or not, etc

Mode of transport
 By Sea
 By inland waterway
 By Road
 By Air
 By Rail
 By Post
 etc
 Delivery time

 Latest shipment

 Period of shipment

 Pinalties
Documents

 Drafts
 Invoice
 Bills of lading
 Certificate of origin
 Insurance
 Etc
Drafts
 Instruction to pay from the drawer to
drawee.
 Drawer is beneficiary
 Drawee is as per L/C required
 Correct amount ( in words and figures ).
 Drawn payable at sight or Usance
 In accordance with the credit terms.
 Correctly dated.
Invoice

 Made out in the name of the importer

 Totals amount is not overdrawing
 Prices and shipment terms (FOB and CIF etc)
 If invoices have to be visa-ed, remember the
time lag between forwarding documents to a
consulate and their return.
 There are no “combined invoice and packing
list”
Bills of lading
Bills of lading have threefold purpose:
 Formal receipt by the ship owner for
goods.
 Evidence of the contract of carriage.

 Document of title to goods.

Certificate of origin
 Certificate of origin can be issued by :
- Exporter
- Ministry of Trade

 All details quoted, shipping marks and description of

goods, must be agree with bills of lading and other
documents.

 The certificate does not conflict with other

documents with regard to value and country of
origin.
 Insurance
 Covering ICC A ( All Risks ), B ( with average ), C ( free of
particular average ).
 The date of the insurance must be not later than the date of
shipment.
 Claims are payable in the specified place.
 The amount payable is in accordance with any specified
percentage and is in the currency of the credit.
 Marks, weights and description of the goods agree with the bill
of lading and all other documents;
 The policy must be signed by the insurance company, agents ,
underwriters or proxies.
 Cover note is not allowed
 Any insurance policy made out to the order of the shippers has
been blank endorsed.
Banking charges

 In the beneficiary’s country

~ Advising commission
~ Negotiation commission

 In the applicant’s country

~ Opening L/C commission
~ Settlement fee

 In the other country

~ Confirming fee
Packing and shipping marks

Packing :
 Packing in standard export
 Packing in bag
 Packing in 100 kg
Shipping marks :

~ Shipping marks must show

importer name
~ Shipping marks must show
L/C number
~ Etc
Inspection certificate

 Upon inspection of goods, this document

certifies that merchandise was in good
condition or in accordance with certain
specifications immediately prior to shipment.

 Who are inspect the goods :

~ Independent surveyor
~ Individual surveyor
~ Importer
Price fluctuation
 Determine the tolerance of price
changes
 3%
 5%

 Amendment contract, or

 Cancellation of contract
Arbitration
 ICC International Court of Arbitration ( Paris )

 ICC International Centre for Expertise ( Paris)

 ICC World Chamber Federation ( Paris)

 ICC Commercial Crime Services ( London )

 ICC Services ( affiliate ) Paris :

~ Doxdex
Force Majeure

 Acts of God
 Riots
 Civil Commotions
 Insurrections
 Wars
 Acts of terrorism, or
 Any strikes or other causes beyond it
control
 Trade terms
 INCOTERMS 2010 :
International Commercial Terminologies
issued by The International Chamber of
Commerce, Paris publication no 715E
Mengapa penting

 Merupakan elemen pokok dari contract

 Mengatur hak dan kewajiban penjual dan
pembeli tentang :
~ Penyerahan / pengangkutan barang
dari penjual kepada pembeli
~ Pembagian biaya dan resiko antara
penjual dan pembeli
~ Tanggung jawab dalam mengurus izin
ekspor atau impor
Tujuan
 Menyediakan seperangkat peraturan
international sebagai interpretasi
sebagian syarat perdagangan luar
negeri, yang mengatur hak dan
kewajiban penjual dan pembeli untuk
mengurangi komplikasi hukum
Sejarah
 Diterbitkan pertama kali th 1936

 Perubahan : 1953, 1967, 1976, 1980,

1990 , 2000 dan terakhir bulan Januari
tahun 2011
Penggunaan
 Pihak pihak yang bermaksud untuk
mernggunakan Incoterms 2010 harus
menyatakan secara spesifik dan jelas
dlm kontraknya tunduk pada Incoterm
2010
 Struktur Incoterms 2010 :
 E Pemberangkatan
EXW – Exworks
 F Angkutan tidak dibayar
FCA – Free Carrier
FAS – Free Alongside Ship
FOB – Free on Board
 C Angkutan Utama Dibayar
CFR – Cost and Freight
CIF – Cost Insurance and Freight
CPT – Carriage Paid To
CIP – Carriage Insurance Paid To
 D Sampai Tujuan
DAP – Deliver at Place
DAT – Deliver at Terminal
DDP – Deliver Duty Paid
 Penggunaan Incoterms 2010
Terms for any Mode or Terms for Sea and
Mode of Transport Inland Waterways

E EXW - Ex Works

FAS – Free Along Side Ship

F FCA – Free Carrier FOB – Free On Board

CPT – Carriage Paid To CFR – Cost and Freight

C CIP - Carriage Insurance CIF – Cost Insurance and
Paid To Freight
DAT – Deliver at Terminal
D DAP – Deliver at Place
DDP – Deliver Duti Paid
 INCOTERMS 2010 FLOWCHART
Carrier
Place of Place or
Import BUYER
Export On Board/ Ship /Rail Port terminal
SELLER Formallities terminal Port /Plane
Formallities

D
transport
risks
EXW cost

D
transport
FCA risk
cost

D
transport
FAS risk
cost

transport D
risk
FOB cost
 INCOTERMS 2010 FLOWCHART
Carrier
Place of Place or
Import
Export On Board/ Ship /Rail Port terminal
SELLER Formallities terminal Port /Plane
Formallities BUYER
D
CFR
D
CIF
D
CPT
D

CIP
 INCOTERMS 2010 FLOWCHART
Carrier
Place of Place or
Import BUYER
SELLER Export On Board/ Ship /Rail Port terminal
Formallities terminal Port /Plane
Formallities

D
transport + insurance
risk
DAT cost

D
transport + insurance
DAP risk
cost
D
transport + insurance
DDP risk
cost
DAT : Deliver at Terminal
 Bisa digunakan untuk semua alat angkut
 Seller menyerahkan barang kepada buyer di
sebuah terminal, setelah barang dibongkar di
pelabuhan tujuan
 Yang termasuk terminal : Dermaga, gudang,
terminal petikemas, terminal kereta api atau
terminal pelabuhan udara
DAP : Deliver at Place
 Bisa digunakan untuk semua alat angkut
 Seller menyerahkan barang kepada buyer
di suatu tempat, dan barang siap dibongkar
di tempat yg ditentukan
 Seller dan buyer disarankan u/ menentukan
sejelas mungkin suatu tempat ( titik ) tujuan
yang disepakati, karena di titik tersebut
resiko akan berpindah dari seller ke buyer
Tanggung Jawab
 Seller :
~ Bertanggung jawab dan menanggung resiko u/
mengantarkan barang ke tempat yang ditentukan
~ Bertanggung jawab sampai barang benar benar
bisa ekspor

 Buyer :
~ Mengurus pengeluaran barang import
~ Membayar pajak import
Tanggung Jawab
 Seller :
~ Bertanggung jawab membawa dan
menyampaikan barang ke tempat yang
disepakati dalam contract
~ Mengurus izin izin ekspor

 Buyer :
~ Barang boleh di import
~ Mengurus izin izin import
~ Menanggung pajak import