Chapter 15

Public Speaking
and Oral Reporting
 Learning Objectives

Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to prepare well-

organized, objective reports.

• Select and organize a subject for effective formal presentation

to a specific audience.
• Describe how personal aspects and audience analysis
contribute to formal presentations.
• Explain the use of voice quality and physical aspects such as
posture, walking, facial expression, and gestures in effective
oral communication.
• Plan for visuals (graphics) to support speeches and oral reports.
• Work effectively with a group in preparing and making a team
presentation.
• Define oral reports.
• Plan and deliver effective virtual presentations.
 MAKING FORMAL SPEECHES

Most difficult.
Most feel uncomfortable in front of others.
Efforts can help to improve our speaking:

• Selection of Topic
• Preparation of The Presentation
• Determination of The Presentation Method
• Consideration of Personal Aspects
• Audience Analysis
• Appearance and Physical Actions
• Use of Voice
• Use of Visuals
 MAKING FORMAL SPEECHES

Selection of The Topic

• Topic may be assigned

• If you must select a topic, consider
• Your knowledge
• Your audience
• The occasion
MAKING FORMAL SPEECHES

Preparation of The Presentation

•Start with greetings

• Conduct research
•Gain attention in the opening
to get the •Human interest
information you •Humor
need •Quotations, questions, and so on
• Then organize the •The opening should set up your subject
information •Tell the subject of your speech
• Introduction •Emphasis transition between parts
•The ending usually;
• Body •Restate the subject
• Conclusion •Summarizes key points, and
•Draw a conclusion
 MAKING FORMAL SPEECHES

Determination of The Presentation Method

• Presenting Extemporaneously –
• through preparation,
• uses notes,
• rehearsed
• Memorizing – very hard
• Reading – practice with recorder and
listen
 MAKING FORMAL SPEECHES

Consideration of The Personal

Aspects

• Confidence
• Sincerity
• Thoroughness
• Friendliness
 MAKING FORMAL SPEECHES

Audience Analysis

• Preliminary Analysis:
• Sign up in advance to know the
• Characteristics like size, gender, age,
education, and knowledge of the audience
• During Presentation:
• Analyze reaction during speech (feedback)
• Facial expression, movements, and noises
 MAKING FORMAL SPEECHES

Appearance and Physical Actions

• The Communication Environment

• Personal Appearance
• Posture
• Walking
• Facial Expression
• Gesture
 MAKING FORMAL SPEECHES

Use of Voice

• Good voice is obvious for good speaking

• But the following cause difficulties:
• Lack of Pitch Variation
• Lack of Variation in Speaking Speed
• Lack of Vocal Emphasis
• Unpleasant Voice Quality
• Improvement Through Self-Analysis and
Imitation
 MAKING FORMAL SPEECHES

Use of Visuals

• Speeches require strong visual support: slides with

talking points, charts, tables, films, and the like.
• Proper Use of Design
• Types to Consider
• Audience Size, Cost, and Ease of Preparation
Consideration
• Techniques in Using Visuals
• Make sure everyone can see the visuals
• Explain the visuals when needed
• Organize the visuals as a part of the presentation.
 A Summary List Of Speaking Practices
 Organize the speech to lead the listeners’ thought logically to the conclusion.

Use language specifically adapted to the audience

Articulate clearly, pleasantly, and with proper emphasis. Avoiding mumbling and the use of
nonwords such as ah, er, uh, like and OK.

Speak correctly, using accepted grammar and pronunciation.

Maintain an attitude of alertness, displaying appropriate enthusiasm and confidence.

Employ body language to best advantage. Use it to emphasize points and to assist in
communicating concepts and ideas.

Be relaxed and natural. Avoid stiffness or rigidity of physical actions.

Look the listeners in the eye and talk directly to them.

Keep still. Avoid excessive movements, fidgeting, and other signs of nervousness.

Punctuate the presentation with reference to visuals. Make them a part of the speech text.

Even when faced with hostile questions remarks, keep your temper. To loose your temper is to
lose control of the presentation.

Move surely and quickly to the conclusion. Do not leave a conclusion dangling, repeat
unnecessary or appear unable to close.
TEAM (COLLABORATIVE) PRESENTATIONS

Group presentations require individual speaking

skills

• Adapt the ideas on collaboration in Chapter

10 to team presentations.
• Plan for the order of the presentation and
each member’s part.
• Plan for the physical factors.
• Plan for the physical staging.
• Plan for the close.
• Plan to rehearse the presentation.
 REPORTING ORALLY

Special form of speech

• Oral presentation of
the factual information
 REPORTING ORALLY

Difference between Oral and Written

Reports

• Visual Advantage of the Written

Words.
• The speaker controls the pace of an
oral report.
• Reader Control of Written Presentation.
• Stress on Correctness in Writing.
 REPORTING ORALLY

Planning the Oral Report

• Planning is the first step

• Determining the Report Objective.
• Organizing of Content.
• Direct or indirect order.
• Close with a summary