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Cellular Mobile
Communications
Definition
– A cellular mobile comms. system uses a large number of
low-power wireless transmitters to create cells
– Variable power levels allow cells to be sized according to
subscriber density and demand within a particular region
– As mobile users travel from cell to cell, their conversations
are handed off between cells
– Channels (frequencies) used in one cell can be reused in
another cell some distance away
Mobile Comms. Principles
– Mobile uses a separate, temporary radio channel to
talk to the cell site
– Cell site talks to many mobiles at once, using one
channel per mobile
– Channels use a pair of frequencies for communication
• The forward link for transmitting from the cell site
• The reverse link for the cell site to receive calls from the
users
Mobile Comms. Principles
Mobile Equipment
GSM 1800
Mobile to BTS (uplink): 1710-1785 Mhz
BTS to Mobile(downlink) 1805-1880 Mhz
Bandwidth : 2* 75 Mhz
GSM Specification-II
• TWO REASON
• When The Radio Signal’s quality and
power decreases to necessary scores, the
connection deliver to more powerful cell
• When The Trraffic Capacity approaches to
maximum , the connection deliver to less
density of traffic cell
Frequency Reuse
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GPRS
• It uses exactly the same physical radio channels as
GSM, only logical GPRS radio channels are defined.
• Allocation of the channels is flexible: from one to
eight radio interface timeslots can be allocated per
TDMA frame.
• The active users SHARE timeslots, and uplink and
downlink are allocated separately.
• The capacity allocation for GPRS is based on the actual
need for packet transfer.
• GPRS does not require permanently allocated physical
channels.
• GPRS offers permanent connections to the Internet
with volume based charging.
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GPRS Mobile Terminal Types
– Class A Terminals
operate GPRS and other GSM services
simultaneously.
– Class B Terminals
can monitor all services, but operate either
GPRS or another service, such as GSM, one at a
time.
– Class C Terminals
operate only GPRS service.
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GPRS Network Services
• Point-to-Multipoint (PTM-M):
Multicast service to all subscribers in a given area.
• Point-to-multipoint (PTM-G):
Multicast service to pre-determined group that may be
dispersed over a geographic area.
• Point-to-Point (PTP): Packet data transfer:
– Connectionless based on IP and CLNS called PTP-CLNS.
– Connection-oriented based on X.25 (PTP-CONS).
• Also provides a bearer service for GSM’s SMS.
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Reference Architecture in GPRS
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Reference Architecture in GPRS
• There are a few new network entities called GPRS Support Nodes (GSN)
– Responsible for delivery and routing of data packets between the
mobile terminals and the external packet network.
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Reference Architecture in GPRS
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GATE WAY
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ENHANCED DATA RATES FOR
GSM EVOLUTION
EDGE