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CONTROLLING TRANSIENTS
Wavespeed Reduction Methods
Air Chamber or Accumulator
Surge Tanks
Flow-Control Methods and Valving
System Geometrical Design Changes
Introduction
Ideally the design process for fluid pipeline systems includes an
adequate investigation and specification of equipment and operational
procedures to avoid undesirable transients . Unfortunately this is not always
the case and remedial measures are required to keep transient conditions
from seriously disturbing the proper functioning of an existing system .
Unexpected sources of unsteady flow also appear in some newly
constructed system. Some of the major methods for controlling transients
are discussed in upcoming slides.
Wavespeed Reduction Methods
Since the head change for a given flow change is directly proportional
to the wave propagation velocity, the reduction of wavespeed is likely to be
beneficial in control of transients. Wavespeeds depend upon:
(1) elastic wall properties and geometry
(2) liquid compressibility, and
(3) free gas content in the pipeline.
The response frequencies of complete systems may be altered by
the wavespeed change in component parts of the system, thereby
eliminating resonance as a result of a particular forced oscillation.
Bleeding in air
Flexible hose
A, Q (10-4)