MONITORING SYSTEM IN

UNDERGROUND MINING

BY
UNDERGROUND GEOTECHNICAL AND HYDROLOGY
DEPARTMENT

www.fcx.com
 INTRO

PROFIL

Nama : Turgod Nainggolan, ST

Cartenz Timur – Desember 2014
Posisi : UG Monitoring DOZ & DMLZ
Pendidikan : S1 Teknik Geofisika
Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)
Email :
TURGOD_NAINGGOLAN.fmi.com ,
turgod.Nainggolan@gmail.com

Pengalaman Kerja :
Thn 2009 – 2011 = PT. QUEST GEOPHYSICAL ASIA
Thn 2011 = PT. BUREAU GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING
Thn 2011 – Sekarang = PT . FREEPORT INDONESIA

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 Monitoring Tools

1. Microseismic System
2. Accelerometer System
3. Blasting Portable Monitoring
4. Resistivity Method For Wetmuck Monitoring
5. GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) Method
6. I-SITE Monitoring
7. Smartmarker System
8. Refraction Tomografi

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 1.Microseismic

 microseismic monitoring is the passive observation

of very small-scale earthquakes which occur in
the ground as a result of human activities or industrial
processes such as mining, hydraulic fracturing,
enhanced oil recovery, geothermal operations or
underground gas storage.
 microseismic monitoring is a passive method, meaning
that it listens for seismic energy which is already
occurring underground . These micro-earthquakes are
too small to be felt on the surface, but they can be
detected by sensors called geophones and
accelerometers. ( ESG system )
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Schema Microseismic

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 Application

Underground Mining:
 Evaluate abnormal mine seismicity and seismic hazard
 Map caving front propagation

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 Seismic Wave

 Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden

breaking of rock within the earth or by artificial.

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 P-wave

P-wave

• compression and extension of the solid, like a sound wave

• particles move in same direction wave propagates
• fastest type of seismic wave: about 6 km/second in continental crust.

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 S-wave
S-wave

• shearing distortion of the solid

• particles move perpendicular to direction wave propagates
• slower than P wave: about 3.5 km/second in continental crust.
Cannot pass through fluids!

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Picking P & S -Wave

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Caving and Microseismicity

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 RealTime Monitoring Seismic of DOZ
April 6th – April 12th, 2015 Significant threshold 0.7

Sensor Seismic

From April 6th – April 12th 2015 : Total 238 events recorded, decreasing from previous week (1208 events).
There were 2 significant event recorded, highest magnitude recorded was 1.41 located at 3226/L, above
P#1J, DP#12 East, recorded On April 07th, 2015 at 01:19 AM 12
Unit Sensor Seismic

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 2. RealTime Accelerometer Monitoring

Significant Acceleration
> 250 mGal

1.This monitoring is needed due to Papua

included to Indonesia Earthquake active zone,
0.25-0.3G.
2.This monitoring needed to give early warning
system when there is a significant earthquake or
seismic event above threshold (0.25G>) 1 Gal = 1 cm/s2 = 0.01 m/s2

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 Accelerometer

3028/L (Paul Dam) 3180/L (Paste DAM) 2995/L (Ramp DAM) GVD# 5 Fan Chamber 1 Lower Wanagon (GRS)

April 12th 2015 at 11:55 Significant Acceleration

AM, recorded on BG > 250 mG
DAM 2995/L

No significant.
the highest acceleration was recorded
160.57 mG, recorded on April 12th 2015 at
11:55 AM, recorded on BG DAM 2995/L

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3. Blasting Portable Monitoring

Seismogram
Blasting Activity

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 All Record PPV around GVD 5 FAN 1

Distance Actual PPV Reading Max. Expl. Charged

Day, Date Time Blasting Location Monitoring Location
(m) (mm/s) /Delay (Kg)
17/02/2012 16:35 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 XC#3 53 6,19 30,76
17/02/2012 16:36 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#6 XC#2 83 6,06 30,76
18/02/2012 3:31 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#5 XC#3 390 0,524 30,76
18/02/2012 3:33 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#6 XC#2 262 0,819 30,76
19/02/2012 4:20 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 XC#3 62,66 3,03 18,42
19/02/2012 4:21 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 Fan Chamber 189,9 0,604 18,42
20/02/2012 16:36 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#5 XC#3 406,88 0,84 18,42
20/02/2012 16:37 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#5 Fan Chamber 159,4 2,95 18,42
21/02/2012 3:34 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 XC#3 66,85 2,2 18,42
21/02/2012 3:35 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 Fan Chamber 190,23 0,769 18,42
14/03/2012 15:35 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 Fan Chamber 164 1,05 18,4
15/03/2012 2:40 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#5 Fan Chamber 196 2 18,4
24/03/2012 16:17 GVD#6 XC# 8 South GVD#6 XC# 8 South 16 17 14
17/04/2012 16:20 NED T Room GVD#5 Fan Chamber 163 0,6 9,2
03/05/2012 16:17 GVD 6 XC 8 GVD 6 XC 8 19 38,6 31
11/05/2012 16:13 GVD 6 XC 8 GVD 6 XC 8 20 14 27
 GVD Fan Chamber Blasting Parameter
Distance Actual PPV Max. Expl. Charged
Day, Date Time Blasting Location Monitoring Location
(m) Reading (mm/s) /Delay (Kg)
17/02/2012 16:35 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 XC#3 53 6,19 30,76
17/02/2012 16:36 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#6 XC#2 83 6,06 30,76
18/02/2012 3:31 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#5 XC#3 390 0,524 30,76
18/02/2012 3:33 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#6 XC#2 262 0,819 30,76

1.00
Parameter
0.80

0.60
y = -1,3603x + 2,2322
Log PPV

0.40
R² = 0,9633
0.20

0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-0.20

-0.40
Log SD

V = Peak Particle
𝑅
V par= 171 ∗ -1.3603 Velocity (PPV) - mm/s
𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 R = Distance
Qmax = Max
Charging/delay
 Simulation

 Q= 12 Kg / delay
PPV predicted

Safer blast

Threshold PPV
expected R (distance between
Blasting location and Fan 1 )
Need to change = 108 m
the blasting R (distance between
pattern Blasting location and Fan 2 )
= 90 m

For blasting with Q (max charge(kg)/delay) =12Kg/delay

And Distance (m) between blasting location and GVD 5 Fan chamber 1 = 108 m,
Distance (m) between blasting location and GVD 6 Fan chamber 2 = 90 m
The Predicted PPV will around 3-4 mm/s
 All Record PPV around GVD 5 FAN 1

Distance Actual PPV Reading Max. Expl. Charged

Day, Date Time Blasting Location Monitoring Location
(m) (mm/s) /Delay (Kg)
17/02/2012 16:35 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 XC#3 53 6,19 30,76
17/02/2012 16:36 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#6 XC#2 83 6,06 30,76
18/02/2012 3:31 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#5 XC#3 390 0,524 30,76
18/02/2012 3:33 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#6 XC#2 262 0,819 30,76
19/02/2012 4:20 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 XC#3 62,66 3,03 18,42
19/02/2012 4:21 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 Fan Chamber 189,9 0,604 18,42
20/02/2012 16:36 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#5 XC#3 406,88 0,84 18,42
20/02/2012 16:37 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#5 Fan Chamber 159,4 2,95 18,42
21/02/2012 3:34 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 XC#3 66,85 2,2 18,42
21/02/2012 3:35 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 Fan Chamber 190,23 0,769 18,42
14/03/2012 15:35 GVD#6 XC#3 South GVD#5 Fan Chamber 164 1,05 18,4
15/03/2012 2:40 GVD#6 XC#1 South GVD#5 Fan Chamber 196 2 18,4
24/03/2012 16:17 GVD#6 XC# 8 South GVD#6 XC# 8 South 16 17 14
17/04/2012 16:20 NED T Room GVD#5 Fan Chamber 163 0,6 9,2
03/05/2012 16:17 GVD 6 XC 8 GVD 6 XC 8 19 38,6 31
11/05/2012 16:13 GVD 6 XC 8 GVD 6 XC 8 20 14 27
 Performence
Actual Vs Predicted PPV
45

40

35

30

25
PPV

Actual
20 Predict

15

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
 Quantitative Comparation
PPV Actual vs PPV Predict
45

40

35 y = 0,8624x + 0,0449
R² = 0,8427
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PPV Actual

25

PPV
20
Linear (PPV)
15

10

0
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00
PPV Predict
 4. Resistivity Method for Wetmuck Monitoring

• The objective of this monitoring is to prevent personal fatality and facility damage due to wet muck
incident possibility
• Resistivity is non-destructive geophysical method that use electricity as source of measurement and
resistivity of materials as observed anomaly parameter
• Low resistivity means very conductive materials (eq. water, clay, saturated water materials), vice versa,
high resistivity means less or non-conductive materials (eq. air)
• In case of Wet-Muck monitoring. Wet-Muck is kind of water saturated materials; it means, Resistivity
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Method will recognize it as Low Resistivity
 Resistivity & Self Potential
August 5th , 2013
DP#1E, DP#2E South
DP#3E,DP#4E, Low resistivity – Wet Zone
Depth
(m) DP#5E
20.7
16.6
12.2
8.29
4.73
0.938

Water flow possibility

appears in DP#1E &
DP#4E

1st Measurement
Deflection, identified 2nd Measurement
as possibility of 3th Measurement
waterflow
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 5. GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar)

 Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical technique that

collects and records information about the subsurface. It is a
technique that has been employed in such fields as engineering,
geology, environmental studies, and more recently, archaeology

1. Unit : ZOND 12e

2. Antenna : 64 –150 MHZ
3. Laptop Dell

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GPR Measurement at DMLZ Crusher

Rib Surface

Camera Camera
Borehole Borehole

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 GPR Section - Line : MAD1 DD1JWest Back
N

B’

Possibility of lithology contact after

compared with Geology map along the line

A’
North
South
0

10

15
m

A’ Concerned ground, B’
Line 2 : Back , MAD1 DD1JWest Back surface
Line Length : 60 m. Depth Section : 15 m Possibility due to fosterite lithology zone
 6. I-SITE Monitoring
Crack

There was no movement of crack after .

Tidak ada pergerakan dan penambahan
Conducting I-Site measurement at DMLZ rekahan yang signifikan setelah
Crusher surface back to monitor crack penyanggaan
progression

DMLZ
Crusher

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 7. Smart Marker System

(ELEXON
ELECTRONICS)
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Cave Propagation using SMS

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 7. Refraction Tomografi

 we associate zones of low P-wave velocity with

increased fracture density.

Zone of
Fractured
Diorite

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Thanks

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