Crude distillation process

Introduction
Impurities in crude oil
Pretreatment of crude oil
Crude desalting
Crude distillation unit (CDU)
Vacuum distillation unit (VDU)
 Introduction
• The petroleum refining process is the separation of
different hydrocarbons present in the crude oil into
useful fractions and the conversion of some of the
hydrocarbons into products having higher quality
performance.

• Crude oil contains impurities which should be

pretreated before it is sent to the refinery for
separation.
• Distillation process is the physical separation of crude
oil into various fractions based upon the boiling point
of each component.
 Introduction
• Refinery cost pressures and the increasing
availability of heavy acid crude at preferential
discounts are causing substantial changes in
global refinery.

• Heavy crude production is increasing and a

high acid crude are growing in proportion of
the total.
 Introduction
Refining of crude oils consists of:

• Physical separation processes: Separating

crude into its various fractions e.g., CDU/VDU

• Secondary conversion processes: Processing

residues from primary processes and
upgrading them to distillates, e.g., FCCU, HCU
 Separating Processes
• Distillation
• Absorption
• Extraction
• Crystallisation
• Adsorption
 Primary Distillation (Atmospheric Distillation)

• Refinery gases.
• Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
• Gasoline or naphtha (light / heavy)
• Kerosene, lamp oil jet fuel
• Diesel oil and domestic heating oils
• Heavy Industrial fuels
Secondary Distillation (Vacuum Distillation)

• Light gas oil

• Heavy gas oil
• Reduced crude oil
• Light vacuum gas oil
• Vacuum slop
• Vacuum residue
 Impurities in Crude Oil
• OLEOPHOBIC IMPURITIES: These include salt
mainly chloride and impurities of Na, K, Ca
and Mg, sediments and water present as
soluble emulsified and / or finely dispersed
water.
• OLEOPHILIC IMPURITIES: Are soluble and
sulphur compounds which include Ni, V, Fe,
and As, etc. naphthenic acids and nitrogen
compounds.
 Pretreatment of Crude Oil
Pre-treated oil is used for primary separation
processes, which produce various straight run
products, e.g., gasoline to lube oils/ vacuum gas
oils (VGO).

Pretreatment is carried out in two steps:

• Field separation.
• Desalting at plant site.
Process for Improvement of Properties
Hydroprocessing

• Hydrocracking
• Hydrotreating
• Catalytic cracking
• Catalytic reforming
• Isomerization
• Alkylation
• Polymerisation
 Conversion Processes
• Thermal processes

• Visbreaking
• Delayed Coking

Catalytic Processes

• Catalytic cracking
• Hydrocracking
• Steam reforming
• Hydroconversion
 Finishing Processes
• Hydrotreatment hydrogenation
• Sweetening
 Environmental Protection Processes
• Acid gas processing
• Stack gas processing
• Waste water treatment processing
Process flow diagram of a simplified refinery unit
Flow diagram of a refinery facility for light oils (mainly gasoline,
kerosene, and distillates)
Figure 15. A Refinery facility
 Evaluation of Crude Oil
• Calcium and magnesium chloride salts begin
to hydrolyse at 120oC releasing hydrogen
chloride gas which dissolves in water during
condensation in the crude oil distillation
column overhead or in the condenser causing
corrosion of materials at these locations.
CaCl2  H 2O  2HCl  CaO
MgCl2  H 2O  2HCl  MgO
 Pretreatment of Crude Oil
• This separation process takes place on site
where crude oil is dug out.

• Field separation: In this process, crude oil is

filled in large tank and separation of gases,
liquid and dirt takes place with the help of
gravity separation.
 Crude Oil Desalting
After the field separation is completed, the
crude is processed for further treatment at
plant site.

It is a water washing operation performed at the

refinery for removal of the salts, e.g., chlorides
of calcium, magnesium and sodium and other
impurities as these are corrosive in nature.
 Crude Desalting
It is a water washing operation performed at the
refinery site to get additional crude oil clean
up.
• Crude Oil Desalting consists of a purifying
process.
• Removal of salts, inorganic particles and
residual water from the crude.
• Reduces corrosion and fouling.
 Crude Oil Desalting
• Desalting process consists of three main
stages namely: heating, mixing and settling.

• Desalting is carried out by emulsifying the

crude oil and then separating the salt
dissolved in water.
• Two phases water / oil is separated either by
using chemicals to break down the emulsion
or by passing high potential electric current.
Desalter
 Crude oil Desalter
Value of a Good Desalter Operation

Crude throughput increase if desalter is limit

Prevent water entrainment from reaching tower over pressure –
PSV Release – Column integrity
OVHD Corrosion Reduction and Reliability improvement
Reduction in slop oil generation
Opportunity crude throughput
Fouling reduction – Crude unit, Coker unit, FCC unit
Benzene reduction in desalter brine.
A two - stage crude desalting process
Desalter
 Desalting Process
To remove the salts from the crude oil, the
water – in oil emulsion has to be broken,
therefore producing a continuous water phase
that can be readily separated in a decanting
process.
 Desalting process
The process of desalting is accomplished through
the following steps:

• Water washing: The water dissolves salt crystals

and the mixing distributes the salts into the water
uniformly producing very tiny droplets.
• Heating: The crude oil temperature should be in
the range of 48.9 – 54.4oC (120 – 130oF) since the
water – oil separation is affected by the viscosity
and density of the oil.
 Desalting Process
• Coalescence: The water droplets are so fine in
diameter in the range of 1 – 10 µm that they
do not settle by gravity.
• Therefore, an electrostatic electric field
between the electrodes is used to produce
greater coalescence between the water and
oil. Agitation is also produced and aides in
coalescence.
 Desalting Process
• The force of attraction between the water
droplets is:
4
d
F  KE d  
2 2

s
E is the electric field, d is the drop diameter and
s is the distance between the drop centres and
K is a constant.
 Desalting Process
• Settling: According to Stokes’ law, the settling
rate of the water droplets after coalescence is:

Settling rate 
 
k H2O  oil d 2
oil

Where ρ is the density µ is the viscosity and d is

the droplet diameter and k is a constant.
Operation in a desalter
Simplified flow diagram of an
electrostatic desalter
Flow diagram of a Desalter
Photograph of desalter vessel
Desalters in the refinery unit
Operating variables of the desalter
Some of the variables are:
• Crude charge rate.
• Temperature & Pressure.
• Mixing valve.
• Pressure drop and wash water rate.
• Desalting voltage.
Operating variables of the desalter
Crude Oil temperature charge to the desalter is
very important for an efficient operation.

Low temperature: Lower efficiency due to low

viscosity

High temperature: Lower efficiency due to

greater electrical conductivity of the crude.
Heat exchanger Trains for the crude
 Crude Oil Distillation
• Crude oil distillation consists of atmospheric
and vacuum distillation units.
• The heavier fraction of crude oil obtained
from atmospheric column is sent to vacuum
distillation to avoid cracking at higher
temperature.
Process flow diagram of a refinery facility
 Atmospheric Distillation Unit
• Preheating of the desalted crude.
• Pre flash
• Distillation
• Stabilization of naphtha.
Atmospheric and Vacuum Crude Oil
Distillation
Process flow diagram of the crude
distillation unit
Process flow diagram of the CDU
 Trays in the Distillation / Fractionating Column
TRAY DESIGNS
• A tray essentially acts as a mini-column, each accomplishing
a fraction of the separation task. From this we can deduce
that the more trays there are, the better the degree of
separation and that overall separation efficiency will depend
significantly on the design of the tray. Trays are designed to
maximise vapour-liquid contact by considering the
• liquid distribution and
• vapour distribution
• on the tray. This is because better vapour-liquid contact
means better separation at each tray, translating to better
column performance. Less trays will be required to achieve
the same degree of separation. Attendant benefits include
less energy usage and lower construction costs.
Vapour – Liquid contact on a tray
 Tray Internals in the Column
• A weir on the tray ensures that there is always
some liquid (holdup) on the tray and is
designed such that the holdup is at a suitable
height, e.g. such that the bubble caps are
covered by liquid.
• Being lighter, vapour flows up the column and
is forced to pass through the liquid, via the
openings on each tray. The area allowed for
the passage of vapour on each tray is called
the active tray area.
Vapour – Liquid contact on a bubble cap
Photograph of a tray with bubble caps
and a downcomer
Vapor – liquid contact on a valve tray
Photograph of a valve tray
Vapour – Liquid contact on a sieve tray
Photograph of a Sieve tray
Structured packings in the Column
• The term structured packing refers to a range
of specially designed materials for use in
absorption and distillation columns.
Structured packings typically consist of thin
corrugated metal plates or gauzes arranged in
a way that they force fluids to take
complicated paths through the column,
thereby creating a large surface area for
contact between different phases.
Structured packings
 Types of structured packings
• Structured packing is formed from corrugated
sheets of perforated embossed metal or wire
gauze. The result is a very open honeycomb
structure with inclined flow channels giving a
relatively high surface area but with very low
resistance to gas flow.
• The surface enhancements have been chosen to
maximize liquid spreading. These characteristics
tend to show significant performance benefits in
low pressure and low irrigation rate applications.
 Differences between Trays and Packings
• PACKINGS VERSUS TRAYS
• A tray column that is facing throughput problems may
be de-bottlenecked by replacing a section of trays with
packings. This is because:
• packings provide extra inter-facial area for liquid-
vapour contact
• efficiency of separation is increased for the same
column height
• packed columns are shorter than trayed columns
• Packed columns are called continuous-contact
columns while trayed columns are called staged-
contact columns because of the manner in which
vapour and liquid are contacted.
 Cut Points
Using the TBP curve, cut points are defined as
the temperatures that represent the limits of
a distillate fraction
For example, the kerosene yield can be calculated as 40% (at Tb) – 20% (at Ta) =
20% by volume.b
Crude oil distillation and its fractions
 Cutting crudes
Kerosene has a boiling point temperature range from
315oF to 450oF. Using the following figure to determine
the percent volume of kerosene between light and
heavy crudes.
• For the heavy crude, the curve in the figure below is
higher because it has very light components.
• Start at 315oF and intersect the distillation curve going
right to point A. Then, going vertically down from point
A until it reaches the horizontal axis at 26%.
• This shows the amount of kerosene that starts to boil
off.
Kerosene fraction in two types of crude
 Cutting Crudes
• Along the heavy crude curve at 450oF. A
horizontal line intersects at point B, and a
corresponding vertical line gives 42%. That is
the amount that has boiled off when kerosene
stops boiling off.
• Calculate the cumulative percent volume from
the initial boiling point of the kerosene to the
end point: 42 % - 26% = 16%.
Kerosene fraction in two types of crude
 Cutting crudes
• Now do the same procedure for the light
crude and show that there is higher percent
volume of kerosene that has boiled off.
Crude distillation column operation
Atmospheric Crude Distillation /
Fractionation column
Distilling crude and product
disposition
 Operating variables in ADU
• Feed rate
• Desalter temperature
• Desalter pressure
• Furnace Temperature
• Crude distillation Column top pressure and
top temperature.
• Stripping steam flow
• Product withdrawal temperatures.
 Products of Atmospheric Distillation
Column
• Unstablized naphtha consists of LPG, naphtha,
and light gases (C – 5, 115oC)
• Heavy naphtha (130 – 150oC) routed to diesel
or naphtha
• Kero / ATF (140 – 270 / 250oC)
• Light Gas oil (250 / 270 – 320oC)
• Heavy Gas oil (320 – 380oC)
• Reduced Crude Oil
 Light Ends Unit
The light ends unit consists of a sequence of distillation processes to
separate the overhead distillate product from the atmospheric distillation
column into five streams consisting of methane, ethane (C2 and lighter),
to propane (C3), butane (C4), light naphtha and heavy naphtha.

The fractions C2 and lighter is used as fuel gas in the refinery to

produce heat or generate steam, propane and butane are sold as liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) after removing H2S.

Light naphtha fractions that consists of C5 and C6 paraffins (pentane

and hexane) is sent to the gasoline blending pool as straight – run –
gasoline.

The heavy naphtha fraction (rich in cycloalkanes, or naphthalenes ) is

sent to a catalytic reforming process to produce gasoline with a high
octane number.
Light Ends Unit
Light Ends Unit
 Catalytic hydrotreatment of jet fuel and diesel fuel

Typical catalysts used for hydrotreating are Co and

Mo compounds supported on alumina (Al2O3). Jet fuel
consists of C10 to C15 hydrocarbons, and diesel fuel
consists of C15 to C20 hydrocarbons. Analogous to
octane number for gasoline, a performance parameter
for diesel fuel is cetane number (n-C16H34, n-
hexadecane) that measures, in contrast to octane
number, the tendency (not resistance) of diesel fuel to
ignite upon compression with air. As a side note, light
gas oil fraction is not typically used in the U.S. for
producing diesel fuel, but sent to catalytic cracking to
make gasoline
Catalytic hydrotreatment of jet fuel
and diesel fuel
 Conversion of Heavy Gas Oil

Moving down on the side streams of the distillation column,

heavy gas oil constitutes the next fraction in line. Some
generic conversion processes for the heavy distillates, such
as heavy gas oil (consisting of C20 to C25 hydrocarbons), are
shown in the Figure below.

These processes, aimed at reducing the molecular size or the

boiling point of gas oil compounds, involve thermal cracking or
catalytic cracking. A mild thermal cracking process, called
visbreaking, is applied to reduce the viscosity of the feedstock,
and it is more frequently applied to residual fractions, such as
vacuum distillation residue.
 Conversion of Heavy Gas Oil

A more severe thermal cracking of heavy gas oil can be used to produce
LPG and ethylene and light and middle distillates from heavy gas oil. A
highly aromatic byproduct from thermal cracking is called ethylene tar.
Ethylene is an important petrochemical feedstock, while ethylene tar can
be used as feedstock to produce carbon blacks. Catalytic cracking is
more frequently used for conversion of heavy gas oil to gasoline.
Conversion of Heavy Gas Oil
 Conversion of Heavy Gas Oil

A particular process of catalytic cracking, Fluid Catalytic

Cracking, is almost exclusively used worldwide in heavy gas oil
and light vacuum gas oil conversion. This process produces high
octane gasoline primarily, with important by-products, including
LPG, light olefins and i-alkanes, light cycle oil (LCO), heavy
cycle oil (HCO), and clarified slurry oil (also called decant oil),
as shown in Figure below.
 Conversion of Heavy Gas Oil

LCO is used in the U.S. to produce diesel oil by

hydrocracking, and decant oil can be used as fuel oil, feedstock
for carbon black manufacturing, and to produce a special type
of petroleum coke called needle coke. Needle coke has a
microstructure that makes it a good precursor to graphite
electrodes that are used in electric-arc furnaces to recycle scrap
iron and steel. The manufacturing of graphite electrodes, using
a by-product from FCC used to produce gasoline, is considered
a principal interface between petroleum refining and the iron
and steel industry.
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) of Heavy gas oil
Figure 15. A Refinery facility
 Various Streams from Atmospheric
Distillation Column
Column Fraction Temperature Carbon range Uses
(oC)
Atmospheric Kerosene 150 - 270 C11 – C12 Aviation
turbine fuel,
Domestic fuel,
LAB feed stock
(Paraffin
source)
Column Light Gas Oil 230 - 320 C13 – C17 High speed
diesel
component
Heavy Gas Oil 320 - 380 C18 – C25 High speed
diesel
component
Products from Crude Distillation Unit
 Vacuum Column
• The bottom product (Long residue) of
atmospheric column is sent to the vacuum
column.
• Distillation under vacuum allows fractionation
at lower temperature, which avoids cracking
of the reduced crude oil and coking of the
furnace tube.
Conversion and Processing of Vacuum Gas Oils

Moving to the vacuum distillation column, the vacuum

distillates, light vacuum gas oil (LVGO) and heavy
vacuum gas oil (HVGO) can be processed by some
advanced FCC processes. However, hydrocracking is more
frequently used to convert LVGO and HVGO into light
and middle distillates, using particular catalysts and
hydrogen. Similar to LCO, the LVGO and HVGO
fractions from vacuum distillation tend to be highly
aromatic. Catalytic hydrocracking combines hydrogenation
and cracking to handle feedstocks that are heavier than
those that can be processed by FCC, because of excessive
coke deposition on the catalyst in the absence of hydrogen.
Middle distillates (e.g., kerosene and diesel fuel) are the
principal products of hydrocracking. In addition to light
and middle distillates, hydrocracking also produces light
distillates and LPG, as shown in the figure below.
Hydrocracking of light vacuum gas oil
 Solvent extraction and processing heavy vacuum gas oil.
HVGO can also be used as a feedstock to produce lubricating oil
base stock, through a sequence of solvent extraction processes to
remove aromatic hydrocarbons by furfural extraction, and to
remove long-chain paraffins by dewaxing
Process flow diagram of a vacuum
distillation unit.
High vacuum unit
 Vacuum Column
Products of vacuum distillation column

• Light gas oil

• Heavy gas oil
• Reduced crude oil
• Light vacuum gas oil
• Vacuum slops
• Vacuum residue
Crude distillation and vacuum
distillation operations
 Various Streams From Vacuum
Distillation Column
Column Fraction Temperature Carbon Range Uses
(oC)
Vacuum Light vacuum 370 – 425 C18 – C25 Feed to FCC/
Column gas oil HCU
Heavy vacuum 425 – 550 C26 – C38 Feed to FCC /
gas oil HCU
Vacuum slop 550 – 560 RFCCU Feed
Vacuum > 560 > C38 Bitumen /
residue Visbreaker feed
Photograph of a mild vacuum and
crude distillation columns
Hydrocracker overview
Hydrocracking Reactor
Two ways we make finished product from
CRUDE OIL

Distillation : Separation by molecular weight

or
boiling point.

Cracking : Breaking the hydrocarbon molecule

or
thermal decomposition.
101
What FEED do we carry out this
Cracking on?

LONG RESIDUE
And WHERE do we get it from ?

102
 Crude Distillation Units
+
• High Vacuum Unit
• Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit
• Hydrocracker Unit 103
Figure 15. A Refinery facility
 Hydrocracker Overview

Natural Gas Hydrogen Manufacturing

N2 Free Gas
Unit

Stea Hydrogen
m
LPG GAS

Waxy Distilate

Long High Vacuum Hydrocracker Unit Naphtha

Kerosene
Residue Unit Gas oil

Short
Naphtha
Residue
Gas OIl

Visbreaker Unit HFO

105
 Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit

Catalyst
R
(Increase rate of reactions)
E
A Reactions
High Temp. C produce
T Hydrogen
O
R and
High press. Steam consume
heat
Plat Gas & Butane

HMU
106
 HMU Reactions

CH4 + H2O = C0 + 3H2 HMU

R
CO + H2O = CO2 + H2 E
A
C
T
Reactions O
produce R
Hydrogen
Hydrogen HCU
and > 97 % pure
consume
heat
Reformer (reactor) 107
 HMU Reactions

CO + H2O = CO2 + H2

H
C
O + H2O
= C
O + H
O

Water Shift Reaction

108
 HMU Reactions

C4H10 + 4H2O = 4CO + 5H2

C H H
H H2O H
CO H
H H2O H
C C H
H
H H + HO
H2O 2
= CO
+ H H
H
C H CO
H CO H
H H
H

Reaction for Butane

109
 Reaction for Methane

CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2

H H
H
C
H H + H2O
= CO
+ H
H
H

H H

110
 High Vacuum Unit
• The feed for the Unit is From CD1 , CD2 and Residue
tankage
• Under a vacuum of 20 mbar the light ends in the
long residue separate and pass up the column
• The light gases from the top of the column sent to
the furnace as a sour gas.
• Two further streams lower down the column go to
the Hydrocracker as Waxy Distillate
• The Short Residue from the bottom of the column is
pumped to Visbreaker Unit (VBU) as feed

111
 Steam
Gas

20 mbar Vacuum
drawn by ejectors Gas to the Furnaces

20 mbar

Waxy
Distilate
Vacuum
Column Waxy Distilate

Waxy Distillate to
the Hydrocracker
Furnace

Long
Residue Short Residue to the
Visbreaker Unit Short Residue
VBU High Vacuum Unit HVU
112
•High Vacuum Unit
•Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit
•Hydrocracker Unit

113
 Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit

• The HMU Manufactures Hydrogen from

Hydrocarbons and Steam
• The feed for the Unit consists of
• Natural Gas
• N2 Free Gas
• Steam

114
 Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit
• The Hydrogen is produced in the Reforming furnace
by reacting Hydrocarbons with Steam over a catalyst
• The unit produces 300 tonnes per day of high purity
Hydrogen for use in the Hydrocracker
• A by product of this reaction is Carbon Monoxide
( CO) and Carbon Dioxide CO2
• In a further stage to the process the CO reacts with
water to produce CO2 and Hydrogen
• The CO2 is separated from the Hydrogen and vented
to the atmosphere

115
 270 gas burners Chemical reaction takes
place in the Reformer tubes
Feed Gas

Natural Gas
Free Gas from the
reformer unit.
Steam

Reformer Furnace Hydrogen + CO and CO2

Endothemic Reaction
Consumes Heat
800+°C

Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit Reaction Furnace

116
 Hydrocracking
• Hydrocracking is the conversion of a heavy
feed products into higher value lighter
products
• The cracking of long chain molecules takes
place in a catalyst filled reactor in the
presence of Hydrogen
• The process use heat and pressure to crack
the long chain molecules into the shorter
chains
• The Hydrogen atoms attach themselves to
the shorter chain molecules 117
 Feed Categories
Paraffinic
H H H H H H H

H C C C C C C C H

H H H H H H H

H H
H H H H
Naphthenic C C
H C C
H
C C
H H H C C H
C C
H Aromatics C C
H
H H H H
118
Example of a Hydrocracking Reaction

Heptane

H H H H H H H

H C C C C C C C H

H H H H H H H

119
Example of a Hydrocracking Reaction

H H H H H H H

H C C C C C C C H

H H H H H H H

120
Example of a Hydrocracking Reaction

Hydrogen Atoms Are Added

To Balance The Chain

H H H H H H H

H C C C C H H C C C H

H H H H H H H

= Butane = Propane
121
 Hydrocracking

Promotes Reaction
Catalyst

125 barg
High Pressure

370°C - 420°C
High Temp.

Waxy Distillate ex HVU

Feed stock Heavy Gas Oil ex U-1000

Reactions Consume Hydrogen

and release heat
122
 Hydrocracking
• Before we can allow any hydrocracking
reactions to take place we have to remove the
impurities in the liquid feed
• These include Nickel, Vanadium and Heavy
metals, Sulphur, Nitrogen and Oxygen.
• These will damage or poison the catalyst
reducing its activity and its life
• The metals are adsorbed in the first bed of
Reactor 1
• The Sulphur, Nitrogen and Oxygen are
converted to H2S, NH3 and H2O in beds 3 and 4
of Reactor 1 123
 Hydrocracking
Bed 1

ADSORBS
Heavy Metals,
Bed 2 Nickel & Vanadium

Waxy Dist
HGO CONVERTS
Bed 3
Sulphur S + H2 = H2S
Nitrogen N + H3 = NH3
Oxygen O + H2 = H2O
Bed 4
Hydrogen
From HMU

To Reactor 2
Reactor 1 demetaling and Sulphur removal 124
 Hydrodesulphurisation

The removal of Sulphur

Sulphur Contaminated

H H H H H H H

H C C C C C C C S

H H H H H H H

125
 Hydrodesulphurisation

The removal of Sulphur

H H H H H H H

H C C C C C C C S

H H H H H H H

126
 Hydrodesulphurisation

The removal of Sulphur

Hydrocarbon Molecule
H H H H H H H

H C C C C C C C H

H H H H H H H

H2S
S
( Hydrogen Sulphide )
H

127
Hydrocracking
Exothermic
Reactions

Cool H2
Quench
to control
Hydrogen reactions

C12 - C36
C3 & C4’s
C5 - C11’s
C12 - C14’s
C14 - C20’s 128
Distillation Section Gas C3 to C4

Naphtha C5 to C11
Distillation separates
fractions of oil because
of their different boiling points

Kerosene C11 to C15

Cracked Oil from
Hydrocracker
Gas Oil C15 to C20

C3 & C4’s
C5 - C11’s
C12 - C14’s
C14 - C20’s

C20 to V- 4103 or T-8146

129
 Hydrocracker products

Gases (C3, C4’s)

Petrol (C5 - C11’s)

Jet (C11 - C15’s)

Diesel (C12 - C20’s)

130
 HCU Overview

600 t/d Hydrogen

Natural Gas HMU
00 t/d 300 t/d 450 t/d Gas
N2 Free Gas
3500 t/d
3800 t/d Naphtha
Steam Waxy Distilate 7300 t/d
HCU 1700 t/d
Kerosine
Gasoil
14000 t/d 2000 t/d
HVU
Naphtha 400 t/d
Long Residue
Gas Oil 300 t/d

VBU T-8144
Short Residue HFO
10800 t/d 5000 t/d
131
Scheme of petroleum refining
processes