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MATRIX INVERSE :

GAUSS-JORDAN ELIMINATIONS
Gauss-Jordan Eliminations

• An algorithm for getting matrices in reduced row echelon form using


elementary row operations.

• It is a variation of Gaussian elimination: Gauss–Jordan elimination goes a step


further by placing zeros above and below each pivot; such matrices are said
to be in reduced row echelon form.
Application to finding the Inverse of n×n
Matrix
The following algorithm finds the inverse of a
matrix.
ALGORITHM:The input is a square matrix A. The output is inverse of A or the inverse does not
exist.
Form the n × 2n (block) matrix M = [A,I], where A is the left half of M and the identity
Step 1. matrix I is the right half of M.

Row reduce M to echelon form. If the processing generates a zero row in the A half of M,
Step 2. then STOP. A has no inverse. (Otherwise A is in triangular form.)

Further row reduce M to its row canonical form M ~ [I,B] where the identity matrix I has
Step 3. replaced A in the left half of M.

Step 4. Set A = B, the matrix that is now in the right half of M.


-1
The justification for the above algorithm is as follows. Suppose A is invertible
and, say, the sequence of elementary row operations e1, e2 , ... ,eq applied to
M=[A,I], reduces the left half of M, which is A, to the identity matrix I. Let Ei
be the elementary matrix corresponding to the operation ei. Then,

That is, A -1 can be obtained by applying the elementary row operations e1, e2 , ... ,eq to the
identity matrix I, which appears in the right half of M. Thus, B = A -1 ,as claimed.
Example 1:

Find the inverse of


matrix

First, form the (block) matrix M=[A,I] and row reduce M to an echelon form:
In echelon form, the left half of M is in triangular form; hence, A has an inverse. Next we
further row reduce M to its row canonical form:

The identity matrix is now in the left half of the final matrix; hence, the right half is A -1.
In other words,
Example 2:

Find the inverse matrix of K (the highlighted


matrix).

1.
2.

3.

The highlighted part is now the inverse of matrix


K.
THANKS.

HEDE,ROSELLE G., 4ECE-1

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