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課名：有限元素法
Finite Element Method
授課教授：徐澤志教授

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Engineering (n)
The application of scientific principles to
such practical ends as the design,
construction, and operation of efficient and
economical structures, equipment, and
systems.

--The American Heritage Dictionary

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 元智大學-實驗力學研究室
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Methods of analysis (Solution of differential equations)

Analytical Methods Numerical Methods

Numerical Finite or discrete

Exact methods Approximate Solution of
methods element method
(e.g. separation Differential
of variables and (e.g.Rayleigh- equations
Laplace transfor Ritz and
-mation methods) Galerkin
methods)
Numerical Finite
integration differences

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傳統工程分析的步驟

工程 分析 數學
系統 解答 圖表
模型 方程式

建構 建立 解 繪製
分析模型 方程式 方程式 圖表

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電腦輔助工程分析 (1/2)

工程 分析 數學 數值 圖表
系統 模型 方程式 解答

建構 建立 解 繪製
分析模型 方程式 方程式 圖表

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電腦輔助工程分析 (2/2)

工程 有限元素 數值 各種
系統 模型 解答 圖表

前處理 有限元素 後處理

分析

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A Brief History of Computer-aided

Engineering
1. Lord John William Strutt Rayleigh (late 1800s), developed a
method for predicting the first natural frequency of simple
structures. It assumed a deformed shape for a structure and
then quantified this shape by minimizing the distributed
energy in the structure.

2. Walter Ritz then expanded this into a method, now known as

the Rayleigh-Ritz method, for predicting the stress and
displacement behavior of structures.

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3. In 1943, Richard Courant proposed breaking a continuous

system into triangular segments. (The unveiling of ENIAC
at the University of Pennsylvania.)

4. In the 1950s, a team form Boeing demonstrated that complex

surfaces could be analyzed with a matrix of triangular shapes.

5. Dr. Ray Clough coined the term “finite element” in 1960. The
1960s saw the true beginning of commercial FEA as digital
computers replaced analog ones with the capability of
thousands of operations per second.

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6. In the early 1960s, the MacNeal-Schwendler Corporation

(MSC) develop a general purpose FEA code. This original
code had a limit of 68,000 degrees of freedom. When the
NASA contract was complete, MSC continued development of
its own version called MSC/NASTRAN, while the original
NASTRAN become available to the public and formed the
basis of dozens of the FEA packages available today. Around
the time MSC/NASTRAN was released, ANSYS, MARC, and
SAP were introduced.

7. By the 1970s, Computer-aided design, or CAD, was

introduced later in the decade.

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8. In the 1980s, the use of FEA and CAD on the same workstation
with developing geometry standards such as IGES and DXF.
Permitted limited geometry transfer between the systems.

9. In the 1980s,CAD progressed from a 2D drafting tool to a 3D

surfacing tool, and then to a 3D solid modeling system. Design
engineers began to seriously consider incorporating FEA into
the general product design process.

10. As the 1990s draw to a place, the PC platform has become a

major force in high end analysis. The technology has become to
accessible that it is actually being “hidden” inside CAD
packages.

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Syllabus ME517
日期 單元 章節
09/15 Holiday
09/22 Overview of F.E.M.
09/29 Direct Approach Ch.1&3
10/06 Weight Residual Approach Ch.1.7&A
10/13 Variational Approach Ch.1.6&R
10/20 Interpolation Model/One-Dimensional Elements Ch.5
10/27 One-Dimensional Problems Ch.6
11/03 Fourth Order Equation/ Beams and Frames Ch.4
11/10 Midterm

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日期 單元 章節
11/17 Ansys Ch.8
11/24 Two-Dimensional Basics
12/01 Two-Dimensional Elements Ch.7
12/08 Two-Dimensional Problems（Heat Transfer） Ch.9
Two-Dimensional Problems（Solid Mechanics）/ Ch.10
12/15
Axisymmetric
12/22 3D elements/3D Problems Ch.13
12/29 3D elements/3D Problems Ch.13
01/05 Review
01/12 Final

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Text Book：Finite Element Analysis By Saeed Moaveni

Fundamental Finite Element Analysis and Applications
By M.Asghar Bhatti
Reference：
<1> Introduction to the FEM By Ottosen and Petersson
<2> Introduction to Finite Element in Engineering By
T.R.Chandrupatla &A.D. Belegundu
<3> The Finite Element Method in Engineering By Rao
Grade：
<1> Assignment--------------------40%
<2> Midterm------------------------30%
<3> Final----------------------------30%

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Matrix Analysis

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Basic Equation F  Kx

Equilibrium F1  U1 K1  U 2  U1 K 2  0
F2  U 2  U1 K 2  0

Assembly  F1   K1  K 2  K 2  U1 
    
F2    K 2  K 2  U 2 
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Example 2.1
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Example 2.2
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Example 2.3
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