ANATOMI UMUM

Oleh : dr. Sana

ANATOMY
ANATOMY : THE SCIENCE OF THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE
BODY
ARISTOTLE ( GREEK ) : 2300 YEARS AGO
ANDREAS VESALIUS DI BRUSSEL : 1543 DE HUMANI CORPORIS FABRICA
(ON THE WORKING OF THE HUMAN BODY )

ANA = UP DIS = PECAH-PECAH

ANATOMY TOME = CUTTING DISSECTION SCARE = CUTTING

GROSS (MACROSCOPICAL) ANATOMY= ANATOMY

BIDANG ANATOMY MICROS-COPICAL ANATOMY = HISTOLOGY
EMBRYYOLOGY ( PRENATAL GROWTH )
 CARA MEMPELAJARINYA :

I. REGIONAL ANATOMY :
1) HEAD & NECK
2) TRUNK ( THORAX , ABDOMEN , PELVIS , BACK )
3) LIMB ( UPPER & LOWER )
II. SISTEMIC ANATOMY ( ORGAN SYSTEM ) :
1) INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
2) SKELETAL SYSTEM
3) ARTICULAR SYSTEM MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
4) MUSCULAR SYSTEM
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
2. SKELETAL SYSTEM
4.MUSCULAR SYSTEM
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
5. NERVOUS
SYSTEM
6. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
a. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• b. LYMPHOID SYSTEM
7.DIGESTIVE ( ALIMENTARY ) SYSTEM
8. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
9. URINARY SYSTEM
10. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
11. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

III. CLINICAL ( APPLIED ) ANATOMY

Memakai pendekatan regional & systemic yang penting di dalam praktek
kedokteran , kedokteran gigi dan ilmu kesehatan.
 ANATOMICOMEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ( 30.000 ANATOMYCAL TERM )
Dasar MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
1895 : GERMAN ANATOMICAL SOCIETY di BASEL ( SWISS ) BASE NOMINA
ANATOMICA ( B.N.A ) : 5000 TERMS
1933 : ANATOMICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRAIN AND I RELAND DI
BIRMINGHAM MENGADOPSI BNA & MEREVISI BR
1935 : GERMAN ANATOMICAL SOCIETY DI JENA , MENGADOPSI DAN REVISI
BR JNA ATAU INA ( International Nomina Anatomica )
1955 : International Congress of Anatomist ke 6 di PARIS , membuat koreksi
dan revisi BNA , BR dan INA NOMINA ANATOMICA
1983 : Diterbitkan NOMINA ANATOMICA edisi ke 5 diterima secara
resmi (dalam bahasa latin dan Yunani kuno)
1998 : FEDERATIVE COMMTTEE ON ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY DI
HELSINKI ( FINLANDIA ) INTERNATIONAL ANATOMICAL
TERMINOLOGY (bhs.Inggris)
ANATOMICAL POSITION
• HEAD , EYE AND TOES DIRECTED ANTERIORLY (FORWARD)
• UPPER LIMBS BY THE SIDES WITH THE PALMS FACING ANTREIORLY
• LOWE LIMBS CLOSE TOGETHER WITH THE FEET PARALEL AND THE TOES
DIRECTED ANTERIORLY

ANATOMICAL PLANES
• MEDIAN ( MEDIAN SAGITAL ) PLANE
• SAGNAL PLANES
• FRONTAL ( CORONAL ) PLANES
• TRANSVERSE ( HORIZONTAL ) PLANES
TERM OF RELATION SHIP AND COMPARISON
TERM OF RELATION SHIP AND COMPARISON
• SUPERIOR • SUPERFICIAL
• INFERIOR • DEEP (PROFUNDUS)
• ANTERIOR • INTERMEDATE
• POSTERIOR • PALM
• MEDIAL
• SOLE (PLANTAR)
• LATERAL
• INTERNAL
• PROXIMAL
• DISTAL • EXTERNAL
• CRANIAL • BILATERAL
• CAUDAL • CONTRALATERAL
• VENTRAL • UNILATERAL
• DORSAL • IPSILATERAL
TERM OF RELATION SHIP AND COMPARISON
TERM OF RELATION SHIP AND COMPARISON
TERM OF RELATION SHIP AND COMPARISON
TERMS OF MOVEMENT
TERMS OF MOVEMENT
TERMS OF MOVEMENT
• FLEXION >< ETENSION
• ABDUSTION >< ADDUCTION
• ROTATION : LATERAL ROTATION >< MEDIAL ROTATION
• CIRCUMDUCTION
• PRONATION >< SUPINATION
• EVERSION >< INVERSION
• DORSOFLEXION >< PLANTAR FLEXION
• PROTRUSION >< RETRUSION
• ELEVATION >< DEPRESSION
SEKIAN DAN TERIMA KASIH