The Northern Renaissance

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The Northern Renaissance
The Northern
Renaissance
Painting in the Northern Renaissance
Books of the Northern Renaissance
Architecture of the Northern Renaissance
Sculpture of the Northern Renaissance
Textiles of the Northern Renaissance
The Northern
Renaissance
(continued)
The Northern Renaissance > The Northern Renaissance

• The Northern Renaissance
• Impact of the Protestant Reformation
• Antwerp: A Center of the Northern Renaissance
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/the-northern-renaissance-22/the-northern-renaissance-143/
The Northern Renaissance > Painting in the Northern Renaissance
Painting in the Northern Renaissance

• Flemish Painting in the Northern Renaissance
• Panel Painting in the Northern Renaissance
• German Painting in the Northern Renaissance
• Spanish Painting in the Northern Renaissance
• English Painting in the Northern Renaissance
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The Northern Renaissance > Books of the Northern Renaissance
Books of the Northern Renaissance

• Illuminated Manuscripts
• German Woodcuts
• Block Books
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The Northern Renaissance > Architecture of the Northern Renaissance
Architecture of the Northern Renaissance

• Chartreuse de Champmol
• French Architecture in the Northern Renaissance
• Spanish Architecture in the Northern Renaissance
• English Architecture in the Northern Renaissance
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144/
The Northern Renaissance > Sculpture of the Northern Renaissance
Sculpture of the Northern Renaissance

• Wood Sculpture
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The Northern Renaissance > Textiles of the Northern Renaissance
Textiles of the Northern Renaissance

• Flemish Textiles of the Northern Renaissance
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/the-northern-renaissance-22/textiles-of-the-northern-renaissance-146/
Appendix
Key terms
• Albrecht Dürer (1471 – 1528) A German painter, printmaker, mathematician, and theorist from Nuremberg, often regarded as
the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance.
• Antwerp A province of Flanders, Belgium.
• Antwerp School The Antwerp School is a term for the artists active in Antwerp, first during the 16th century when the city was
the economic center of the Low Countries, and then during the 17th century when it became the artistic stronghold of the
Flemish Baroque under Peter Paul Rubens.
• Carthusian monastery The building, or complex of buildings, comprising the domestic quarters and workplace(s) of monastics,
whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone (hermits). The monastery generally includes a place
reserved for prayer which may be a chapel, church or temple, and may also serve as an oratory.
• cartoon A preparatory two-dimensional drawing of a finished artwork.
• château French castle, fortress, manor house, or large country house
• Classical ornament It was influenced by the Roman motif in style.
• Elizabethan Pertaining to the reign of first female monarch of England.
• en plein air In an outdoor setting, as opposed to in a studio or other interior location.
• engraving the practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface by cutting grooves into it.
• Flanders A subnational state in the north of federal Belgium, the institutional merger of a territorial region and the Dutch
language 'community' which also has/shares some authority in the capital region Brussels.
• Herrerian A sixteenth-century Spanish style characterized by geometric rigor, clean volumes, the dominance of the wall over
the span and the almost total absence of decoration.
• Holy Roman Emperor A term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who had also received the title "Emperor of the
Romans" from the Pope.
• iconoclasm The belief in, participation in, or sanction of destroying religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually
with religious or political motives.
• illuminated manuscript A book in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials,
borders (marginalia), and miniature illustrations.
• illusionism The realistic and precise representation of people, space, and objects.
• intensity The degree of depth, strength, or brilliance of a color or light.
• jetty A building technique used in medieval timber-frame buildings in which an upper floor projects beyond the dimensions of
the floor below.
• limner A painter who specializes in the production of portrait miniatures.
• Mannerism A style of art developed at the end of the High Renaissance, characterized by the deliberate distortion and
exaggeration of perspective, especially the elongation of figures.
• monochromatic Black and white, or using one color.
• Northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance describes the Renaissance as it occurred in northern Europe.
• oriel A form of bay window that projects from the main wall of a building but does not reach to the ground.
• patron An influential, wealthy person who supports an artist, craftsman, scholar, or aristocrat.
• Perpendicular style The third historical division of English Gothic architecture, so called because of its emphasis on vertical
lines.
• perspective The illusion of distance or depth on a two-dimensional surface.
• Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy (July 31, 1396 – June 15, 1467) Philip was Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death. He
was a member of a cadet line of the Valois dynasty (the then Royal family of France). During his reign Burgundy reached the
height of its prosperity and prestige and became a leading center of the arts.
• Pigment Powdered coloring material that forms the basis of painting, drawing, and printing media.
• plateresque Pertaining to an ornate style of architecture of 16th century Spain suggestive of silver plate.
• polychromatic Multi-colored.
• polychromatic Multi-colored.
• polyptych An artwork, usually a painting, consisting of four or more panels.
• polyptych A work consisting of multiple painted or carved panels joined together, often with hinges.
• Protestant Reformation The 16th century schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other
early Protestants; characterized by the objection to the doctrines, rituals, and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic
Church and led to the creation of Protestant churches, which were outside of the control of the Vatican.
• Romanists A group of artists in the late 15th and early 16th century from the Netherlands who began to visit Italy and started to
incorporate Renaissance influences in their work.
• scriptoria rooms set aside for the copying, writing, or illuminating of manuscripts and records, especially in monasteries
• sfumato In painting, the application of subtle layers of translucent paint so that there is no visible transition between colors,
tones, and often objects.
• Simon Marmion (born c. 1425 at Amiens, France, died 24 or 25 December 1489, Valenciennes) Simon Marmion was a French
or Burgundian Early Netherlandish painter of panels and illuminated manuscripts. Marmion lived and worked in what is now
France but for most of his lifetime was part of the Duchy of Burgundy in the Southern Netherlands.
• slashing A decorative technique that involved making small cuts on the outer fabric of a garment in order to reveal the inner
garment or lining.
• tapestries A form of textile art, traditionally woven on a vertical loom, however it can also be woven on a floor loom as well. It is
composed of two sets of interlaced threads, those running parallel to the length (called the warp) and those parallel to the width
(called the weft); the warp threads are set up under tension on a loom, and the weft thread is passed back and forth across part
or all of the warps.
• tempera A type of painting where color pigments are mixed with a binder, usually egg. Tempera can also refers to the finished
work of art itself.
• triptych A picture or series of pictures painted on three tablets connected by hinges.
• Tudor arch Low and wide with a pointed apex, much wider than its height and appearing to have been flattened under pressure.
• Tudors A European royal house of Welsh origin that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including the Lordship of
Ireland (later the Kingdom of Ireland) from 1485 until 1603.
• unicorn A mythical beast traditionally represented as having the legs of a buck, the body of a horse, the tail of a lion with a
single spiral horn on its head; a symbol of virginity.
• Valois A cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, succeeding the House of Capet (or "Direct Capetians") as kings of France from
1328 to 1589. A cadet branch of the family reigned as dukes of Burgundy from 1363 to 1482. They were descendants of
Charles of Valois, the fourth son of King Philip III. They based their claim on the Salic law, which excluded females (Joan II of
Navarre) as well as male descendants through the distaff line (Edward III of England), from the succession to the French
throne.
• virtuoso A person (especially a musician) with masterly ability, technique, or personal style.
• woodcut a print or a method of printmaking from an engraved block of wood.
• woodcut A method of relief printing in which the image is carved into the smooth side of a wooden block.
The Francis I wing of the Chateau de Blois

The Château de Blois's spiral staircase is one of the great artistic achievements of the French Renaissance under Francis I.
Wikimedia. "France Loir-et-Cher Blois Chateau 05." GNU FDL http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:France_Loir-et-Cher_Blois_Chateau_05.jpg View on
Boundless.com
Gilles Le Breton. Cour Ovale. Château of Fontainebleau.

The Oval Courtyard, with the Medievaldonjon, a vestige of the original castle where the king'sapartments were located, in the center.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Chateau_de_Fontainebleau_Cour_ovale.jpg." CC BY 2.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11713096 View on
Boundless.com
The Adoration of the Kings by Jan Gossaert

This painting captures the Antwerp Mannerist tradition of using religious themes, particularly the Adoration of the Magi, for inspiration.
Wikipedia. "Jan Gossaert 001." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Gossaert_001.jpg View on Boundless.com
Bruegel's Peasant Wedding

Bruegael's Peasant Wedding is a painting that captures the Protestant Reformation artistic tradition: focusing on scenes from modern life rather than
religious or classical themes.
Wikipedia. "Pieter Bruegel d.Ä.011." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_d._%C3%84._011.jpg View on Boundless.com
Danae by Jan Mabuse

One of the most well-known Romanists was Jan Mabuse. The influence of Michelangelo and Raphael showed in the use of mythology and nudity in this
particular piece.
Wikipedia. "Jan Gossaert 003." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Gossaert_003.jpg View on Boundless.com
Hunting Trophies
Jan Fyt, a member of the Antwerp School, was well known for the use of animal motifs in his paintings.
Wikipedia. "Jan Fyt 001." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Fyt_001.jpg View on Boundless.com
Page from the "Turin-Milan Hours", anonymous artist known as Hand G.

The Birth of John the Baptist (above) and the Baptism of Christ below, by "Hand G", Turin.
Wikipedia. "14th-century painters - Les Très Belles Heures de Notre Dame de Jean de Berry - WGA16014." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:14th-
century_painters_-_Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Belles_Heures_de_Notre_Dame_de_Jean_de_Berry_-_WGA16014.jpg View on Boundless.com
Pleurants (Mourners)
Stone mourners at a tomb in Chartreuse de Champmol. Approximately 40 cm high.
Wikipedia. "Dijon-Palais-Gisant-Detail." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dijon-Palais-Gisant-Detail.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Ghent Altarpiece by Jan van Eyck

The Ghent Altarpiece, a commissioned polyptych from around 1432, is perhaps van Eyck's most famous work.
Wikipedia. "Lamgods open." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lamgods_open.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Descent from the Cross by Rogier van der Weyden

Van der Weyden's most well-known painting is The Descent From the Cross, circa 1435.
Wikipedia. "El Descendimiento, by Rogier van der Weyden, from Prado in Google Earth." Public domain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:El_Descendimiento,_by_Rogier_van_der_Weyden,_from_Prado_in_Google_Earth.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Merode Altarpiece attributed to Robert Campin

The Merode Altarpiece is a triptych that features the Archangel Gabriel approaching Mary, who is reading in a well-decorated, typical middle class
Flanders home.
Wikipedia. "Merodealtarpiece." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Merodealtarpiece.jpg View on Boundless.com
Matthias Grünewald, IsenheimAltarpiece (closed)

Oil on panel (exterior). Wooden reliefsculptures (interior). 1512-16. Unterlinden Museum, Colmar, Alsace.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Grunewald_Isenheim1.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=128080 View on Boundless.com
Tomb of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria

John the Fearless commissioned work on this tomb, though by his death in 1419 nothing had been done. The project saw several different artists at work
until its completion in 1470.
Wikipedia. "Dijon - Tombeau des ducs de Bourgogne 1." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dijon_-_Tombeau_des_ducs_de_Bourgogne_1.jpg View on
Boundless.com
King's College chapel, University of Cambridge

The chapel at King's College of the University of Cambridge is one of the finest examples of late Gothic (Perpendicular) English architecture, while its
early Renaissance rood screen (separating the nave and chancel), erected in 1532-36 in a striking contrast of style, shows the influence of architecture
from the Italian peninsula.
Wikipedia. "KingsCollegeChapel." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KingsCollegeChapel.jpg View on Boundless.com
Monasterio de Uclés, Cuenca, España

The Monastery of Uclés is a prime example of Herrerian architecture.
Wikipedia. "Herrerian." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herrerian View on Boundless.com
Monastery of St. Lawrence, El Escorial,main façade

The double temple façade contains engaged, as opposed to free-standing, columns in the Doric and Ionic orders.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Facade_monastery_San_Lorenzo_de_El_Escorial_Spain.jpg." CC0 1.0 Universal
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21879649 View on Boundless.com
After Bernard van Orley. Fortuna(c. 1520)

From a nine-part set called TheHonors, woven in the workshop of Pieter van Aelst, Brussels.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Honors_Tapestry_Fortuna.png." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18495274 View on
Boundless.com
The Triumph of Death (1510-20)

The three Fates (Clotho, Lachesis, andAtropos), who spin, draw out and cut the Thread of Life, representDeath, as they triumph over the fallen body of
Chastity. This is thethird subject in Petrarch's poem "The Triumphs." First,Love triumphs; then Love is overcome by Chastity, Chastity by Death,Death by
Fame, Fame by Time and Time by Eternity.
Wikipedia. "398px-Fates_tapestry.jpg." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2628868 View on Boundless.com
The second of the Unicorn Tapestries

The second of the seven tapestries, often called The Unicorn is Found.
Wikipedia. "The Hunt of the Unicorn Tapestry 1." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Hunt_of_the_Unicorn_Tapestry_1.jpg View on Boundless.com
El Greco, The Disrobing of Christ(El Espolio)

Oil on canvas. 1577-79. Sacristy of theCathedral, Toledo.This is one of the most famousaltarpieces by El Greco. His altarpieces are renowned fortheir
dynamic compositions and startling innovations.
Wikimedia Commons. "279px-El_Expolio,_por_El_Greco.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46661432 View on Boundless.com
Veit Stoss, Tobias and the Angel

Limewood. 1504-06. GermanischesNationalmuseum, Nuremberg.
Wikimedia Commons. "423px-GNM-Veit-Stoss-Raphael-Tobias.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15140669 View on
Boundless.com
Luis de Morales, Madonna and Child

Oil on canvas. 1586. Museo del Prado, Madrid.
Wikimedia Commons. "361px-Luis_de_Morales_001.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=155900 View on Boundless.com
Hans Holbein the Elder, Dormition of theVirgin

Oil on panel. c. 1491. Museum of FineArts, Budapest.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Hans_Holbein_the_Elder_-_The_Dormition_of_the_Virgin_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg." Public domain
Albrecht Dürer, Adam and Eve

Oil on panel. 1507. Twopanels, each 209 cm × 81 cm (82 in × 32 in)Museo del Prado, Madrid.
Wikimedia Commons. "382px-Albrecht_Dürer_-_Adam_and_Eve_(Prado)_2.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=150385 View
on Boundless.com
El Greco, The Burial of the Count ofOrgaz

Now El Greco's best known work, thispainting illustrates a popular local legend. It is clearly dividedinto two zones: the heavenly above and the terrestrial
below, broughttogether compositionally.
Wikimedia Commons. "392px-El_Greco_-_The_Burial_of_the_Count_of_Orgaz.jpeg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1170096
View on Boundless.com
Tilman Riemenschneider, Tomb of Lorenzvon Bibra

Limewood. 1520-22. Würzburg Cathedral.Würzburg, Germany.
Wikimedia Commons. "167px-LorenzvBibrawholegrave.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3073618 View on Boundless.com
Lucas Hornbout, Katharine of Aragonwith a Monkey. 1525-26.

Miniature.
Wikimedia Commons. "Horenbout_Catherine_of_Aragon_with_a_monkey.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2910125 View on
Boundless.com
Hans Holbein the Younger, TheAmbassadors. 1533.

Oil on panel. National Gallery, London.
Wikimedia Commons. "487px-Hans_Holbein_the_Younger_-_The_Ambassadors_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg." Public domain
Aerial view of El Escorial

The compound of El Escorial contains features that conform to the austerity of Renaissance architecture throughout Europe while also anticipating the
Baroque era.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Vista_aerea_del_Monasterio_de_El_Escorial.jpg." CC BY 2.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6581920 View on
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Polychromatic page from the Apocalypse, c.1450-1500

Heavy areas of color and modeling, which obscure the outlines and contour lines, point to evidence of hand-coloring, as opposed to using a separate
block for each color. The printed text is in Latin buthandwritten German translation sheets were inserted between the blockbook pages.
Wikimedia Commons. "359px-Apocalypse.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7751217 View on Boundless.com
El Escorial, plan
The gridiron design of the floor plan of El Escorial has a modular plan, as seen in medieval cathedrals, and geometric symmetry, as seen in classical
architecture.
Wikimedia Commons. "471px-Escorial_traza_def.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2945873 View on Boundless.com
University of Salamanca façade

The ornate façade of the University of Salamanca is a prime example of the Plateresque style.
Wikimedia Commons. "334px-University_of_Salamanca.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39607 View on Boundless.com
Little Moreton Hall

Little Moreton Hall, constructed in themid-sixteenth century, is an example of a Tudor-style timber-framehouse with a chimney stack and a jettied second
floor visible from theexterior.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-LittleMoretonHall.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=942415 View on Boundless.com
Oriel window, Priory Chucrh of St.Bartholomew the Great

London. Early sixteenth century.
Wikimedia Commons. "360px-Prior_Bolton_Oriel_Window.jpg." CC BY-SA 2.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7066809 View on Boundless.com
Anne Hathaway's Cottage

The design of the childhood home of Anne Hathaway istypical of a house inhabited by commoners in Tudor England.
Wikimedia Commons. "620px-Anne_Hathaways_Cottage_1_(5662418953).jpg." CC BY 2.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21108259 View on
Boundless.com
Levinia Teerlinc [?], Elizabeth I asPrincess. c. 1546.

Oil on panel. Royal Collection, WindsorCastle.
Wikimedia Commons. "364px-Elizabeth_I_when_a_Princess.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=686176 View on
Boundless.com
A Print from the Ars Moriendi

The Ars Moriendi is the most renowned block book.
Wikipedia. "Ars.moriendi.pride.a." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ars.moriendi.pride.a.jpg View on Boundless.com
Iconoclasm: Catholic Altar Piece

Altar piece in St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht, attacked in the Protestant iconoclasm in 1572. This retable became visible again after restoration in 1919
removed the false wall placed in front of it.
Wikipedia. "Altaarretabel Domkerk." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Altaarretabel_Domkerk.JPG View on Boundless.com
Claes Sluter. West portal of the church.

Sculpturesof Philip the Bold (left) and his wife (right) kneeling before theMadonna and Child.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Dijon_-_Chartreuse_de_Champmol_-_Portail_1.jpg." CC BY-SA 2.5 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2758448
Champmol in 1686.
Thecottage-like hermitages of the monks can be seen surrounding themain cloister,with the Wellof Moses inthe middle.
Wikimedia Commons. "Champmol.jpg." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5505613 View on Boundless.com
Albrecht Durer, Self Portrait, 1500.

This self portrait of Albrecht Durer was painted on a wood panel, as the canvas had yet to become the prevalent medium of choice.
Wikipedia. "Durer_selfporitrait.jpg." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Portrait_(D%C3%BCrer,_Munich) View on Boundless.com
Martin Schongauer, The Fifth Foolish Virgin, 1483, engraving.
Wikipedia. "Martin_Schongauer_-_The_Fifth_Foolish_Virgin_-_WGA21028.jpg." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Schongauer View on
Boundless.com
Albrecht Durer, Adam and Eve, engraving.
Wikipedia. "Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer
Claes Sluter. Well of Moses

The base of the Well of Mosesshows the prophets who foretold the coming of Christ.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Dijon_mosesbrunnen2.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=763389 View on Boundless.com
Portrait of a Man, by El Greco, 1604

This is presumably a self-portrait by the great Spanish Mannerist.
Wikipedia. "El Greco." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Greco View on Boundless.com
Francis I by Jean Clouet (circa 1530)

Francis I of France was one of the great patrons of the arts in early modern Europe.
Wikipedia. "Francis1-1." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Francis1-1.jpg View on Boundless.com
Gothic Altar by Veit Stoss

The altar at in Kraków was not completed until 1489, and was the largest triptych of its time and, like his other large works, required a large workshop
including specialized painters and gilders.
Wikipedia. "Gothic altar veit stoss bordercropped." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gothic_altar_veit_stoss_bordercropped.jpg View on Boundless.com
Château de Chambord, double spiral staircase

The staircase extends upward throughthree stories.
Wikimedia Commons. "360px-Escalier_double_helice_Chambord.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=445927 View on
Boundless.com
Sebastiano Serlio and Rosso Fiorentino.Gallery of Francis I

The Gallery of Francis I, connectingthe king's apartments with the chapel, decorated between 1533 and1539. It introduced the Italian Renaissance style
to France.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Château_de_Fontainebleau_2011_(262).jpeg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16668144 View on
Boundless.com
Benvenuto Cellini, Nymphe deFontainebleau

Bronze. 1542. Musée du Louvre, Paris.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Nymphe_de_Fontainebleau.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23381123 View on
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Château de Chambord, northwest façade

The Château de Chambord is an exampleof Renaissance architecture and is the largest castle of the Loirevalley, measuring 156 meters long and
topping 56 meters high.
Wikimedia Commons. "640px-Chambord_Castle_Northwest_facade.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22654063 View on
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Albrecht Altdorfer (c.1480–1538), Danube landscape near Regensburg (c. 1528)

One of the earliest Western pure landscapes, from the Danube School in southern Germany.
Wikipedia. "Albrecht Altdorfer 007." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Albrecht_Altdorfer_007.jpg View on Boundless.com
Château de Chambord, plan

Plan of the château as engraved byJacques Androuet du Cerceau (1576).
Wikimedia Commons. "619px-ChambordGrundriss.png." Public domain https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2178228 View on Boundless.com
Woodblock Print from a Biblia Pauperum

Three episodes from a block-book Biblia Pauperum illustrating typological correspondences between the Old and New Testaments: Eve and the serpent,
the Annunciation, Gideon's miracle.
Wikipedia. "BibliaPauperum." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BibliaPauperum.jpg View on Boundless.com
Isaac Oliver. The Rainbow Portrait. c. 1600.

This portrait of Elizabeth I as the "Queen of Love and Beauty" epitomizes the elaborate iconography associated with later Tudor court portraiture.
Wikipedia. "Elizabeth I Rainbow Portrait." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elizabeth_I_Rainbow_Portrait.jpg View on Boundless.com
Attribution
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