Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 Ce

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The Middle Kingdom
Chinese and
Korean Art Before
1279 CE
The Neolithic Age
The Bronze Age
The Qin Dynasty
The Han Dynasty
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE
The Six Dynasties Period
Chinese and
Korean Art Before
1279 CE
The Tang Dynasty
(continued)
The Song Dynasty
Korea
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Middle Kingdom
The Middle Kingdom

• Art of the Middle Kingdom
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/chinese-and-korean-art-before-1279-ce-14/the-middle-kingdom-93/
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Neolithic Age
The Neolithic Age

• Ceramics in Neolithic China
• Jade in Neolithic China
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/chinese-and-korean-art-before-1279-ce-14/the-neolithic-age-94/
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Bronze Age
The Bronze Age

• Ceramics and Bronze in the Shang Dynasty
• Bronze under the Zhou Dynasty
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/chinese-and-korean-art-before-1279-ce-14/the-bronze-age-95/
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Qin Dynasty
The Qin Dynasty

• The Qin Dynasty
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/chinese-and-korean-art-before-1279-ce-14/the-qin-dynasty-96/
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty

• Philosophy and Art of the Han Dynasty
• Architecture of the Han Dynasty
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/chinese-and-korean-art-before-1279-ce-14/the-han-dynasty-97/
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Six Dynasties Period
The Six Dynasties Period

• Painting during the Six Dynasties Period
• Calligraphy during the Six Dynasties Period
• Architecture during the Six Dynasties Period
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/chinese-and-korean-art-before-1279-ce-14/the-six-dynasties-period-98/
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty

• Architecture during the Tang Dynasty
• Painting during the Tang Dynasty
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/chinese-and-korean-art-before-1279-ce-14/the-tang-dynasty-99/
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > The Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty

• The Song Dynasty
• Painting under the Song Dynasty
• Ceramics under the Song Dynasty
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/chinese-and-korean-art-before-1279-ce-14/the-song-dynasty-100/
Chinese and Korean Art Before 1279 CE > Korea
Korea
• Three Kingdoms Period
• Architecture and Art in the Unified Silla Period
• The Gorguryeo Tombs
www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/chinese-and-korean-art-before-1279-ce-14/korea-101/
Appendix
Key terms
• archaic Of or characterized by antiquity; old-fashioned, quaint, antiquated.
• artifact An object, such as a tool, weapon or ornament, of archaeological or historical interest, especially such an object found
at an archaeological excavation.
• bronze A natural or man-made alloy of copper, usually of tin, but also with one or more other metals.
• Buddhism The religion and philosophy founded by the Indian teacher Gautama Buddha.
• calligraphy The art of writing letters and words with decorative strokes.
• celadon A term for ceramics denoting both wares glazed in the jade green color (also known as greenware) and a type of
transparent glaze, often with small cracks, that was first used on greenware but later used on other porcelains.
• celadon A ceramic ware with a pale green glaze.
• Confucian One who follows the teachings of Confucius.
• Confucianism A Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher by the
same name (551–479 BCE), which emphasizes the ethics of filial piety, harmonious relationships, ritual, and righteousness.
• Confucius Western name of Kong Qiu (孔), an influential Chinese philosopher who lived 551 – 479 BCE.
• crenellations The battlements of a castle or other building.
• dougong A unique structural element of interlocking wooden brackets, one of the most important elements in traditional
Chinese architecture.
• ensemble A group of separate things that contribute to a coordinated whole.

• hermitage A house or dwelling where a hermit lives.
• ink and wash painting An East Asian type of brush painting of Chinese origin that uses black ink—the same as used in East
Asian calligraphy in various concentrations; also known as literati painting.
• Legalism A philosophy of focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to
law over justice, mercy, grace and common sense.
• Legalism A utilitarian political and realist reform-oriented philosophy meant to strengthen government and reinforce adherence
to the law, stressing that government had to rely on a strict system of punishments and rewards to maintain law and order.
• literati An intellectual; a person who engages in critical study, thought, and reflection about the reality of society.
• Neo-Confucian A moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy that originated with Han Yu and Li Ao (772-841) in the
Tang Dynasty and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties.
• Neo-Confucianism A moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy that originated with Han Yu and Li Ao (772-841) in
the Tang Dynasty and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties.
• Neo-Confucianism A moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy that originated with Han Yu and Li Ao (772-841) in
the Tang Dynasty and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties.
• Neolithic Also known as the New Stone Age, a period in the development of human technology beginning from 10,200-8500
BCE and ending around between 4500 and 2000 BCE, depending on the part of the world.
• oracle bones Pieces of ox scapula or turtle plastron, which were used for pyromancy – a form of divination – in ancient China,
mainly during the late Shang dynasty.
• Oracle bones Pieces of shell or bone, normally from ox scapulae or turtle plastrons, which were used for scapulimancy – a form
of divination – in ancient China, mainly during the late Shang dynasty.
• piece-mold A method of casting in which the object to be created is first designed as a model and then enclosed in a clay mold
that can be cut into pieces to remove it from the model.
• pillar A large post, often used as supporting architecture.
• Qianling Mausoleum Tomb site located in Shaanxi province, China, built by 684 (with additional construction until 706); the
tombs house the remains of various members of the royal Li family.
• Qin Shihuang The self-proclaimed first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty.
• rammed earth A construction material made by compressing or packing dirt.
• shaft In architecture, the body of a column; the cylindrical pillar between the capital and base.
• shan shui style ("A style of Chinese painting that depicts scenery or natural landscapes such as mountains, rivers, and
waterfalls, using brush and ink rather than more conventional paints.
• Silk Road An ancient network of trade routes which for centuries were central to cultural interaction through regions of the
Asian continent, connecting the West and East from China to the Mediterranean Sea.
• Silk Road An extensive interconnected network of trade routes across Asia, North and Northeast Africa, and Europe,
historically used by silk traders.
• sinosphere Areas and countries that have been heavily influence by Chinese culture.
• soot Fine black or dull brown particles of amorphous carbon and tar, produced by the incomplete combustion of coal, oil, etc.
• Taoism A Chinese mystical philosophy traditionally founded by Lao-tzu in the 6th century BCE that teaches conformity to the
tao by unassertive action and simplicity.
• Taotie A motif commonly found on Chinese ritual bronze vessels from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, typically consisting of a
zoomorphic mask, described as being frontal, bilaterally symmetrical, with a pair of raised eyes and typically no lower jaw area.
• taotie A motif commonly found on Chinese ritual bronze vessels from the Shang and Zhou dynasties; the design typically
consists of a zoomorphic mask, described as being frontal, bilaterally symmetrical, with a pair of raised eyes and typically no
lower jaw area.
• vitality Energy or vigor.
• Wang Wei (699-759) A Tang Dynasty Chinese poet, musician, painter, and statesman; one of the most famous men of arts and
letters of his time.
• Warring States Period A period in ancient China following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding with the victory of the
state of Qin in 221 BCE, creating a unified China under the Qin Dynasty.
• Wu Daozi (680–740) A Chinese artist of the Tang Dynasty, famous for initiating new myths in his artwork.
• Zhang Zeduan (1085–1145) A famous Chinese painter of the Song Dynasty, who lived during the transitional period from the
Northern Song to the Southern Song and was instrumental in the early history of the Chinese landscape art style known as
shan shui.
• zoomorphic Having the shape, form, or likeness of an animal.
The Xumi Pagoda

This square-base stone and brick pagoda was built in the year 636 CE during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907). It stands at a
height of 48 m (157 ft) and has been well preserved since its initial construction. The monastery that once surrounded the pagoda, however, has largely
been destroyed, with the exception of a few structures.
Wikipedia. "Xumi Pagoda 1." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xumi_Pagoda_1.jpg View on Boundless.com
The Gaoyi Que, a stone-carved pillar-gate (que)

A stone-carved pillar-gate, or que (闕), 6 m (20 ft) in total height, located at the tomb of Gao Yi in Ya'an, Sichuan province, was built during the Eastern
Han Dynasty (25-220 CE). Notice the stone-carved decorations of roof tile eaves, despite the fact that Han Dynasty stone que (part of the walled
structures around tomb entrances) lacked wooden or ceramic components (but often imitated wooden buildings with ceramic roof tiles).
Wikipedia. "Gao Yi Que2." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gao_Yi_Que2.jpg View on Boundless.com
Main text of a Tang Dynasty copy of Wang Xizhi's Lantingji Xu, by Feng Chengsu.
Throughout Chinese history, many copies were made of the Lantingji Xu, which described the beauty of the landscape around the Orchid Pavilion and
the get-together of Wang Xizhi and his friends. The original is lost; however, some believed that it was buried in the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of
Tang. This Tang copy made between 627-650 CE is considered the best of the copies that has survived.
Wikipedia. "LantingXu." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LantingXu.jpg View on Boundless.com
Palace Lady detail from Admonitions of the Instructress to the Palace Ladies
In ancient China, painting and calligraphy were the most highly appreciated arts in court circles; they were done almost exclusively by amateurs,
aristocrats, and scholar-officials who had the leisure to perfect the technique and sensibility necessary for great brushwork.
Wikipedia. "Nvshizhentu." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nvshizhentu.jpg View on Boundless.com
Jar of the Western Jin

Jar designs of the Jin Dynasty often incorporated architectural designs as well as animal and Buddhist figures.
Wikipedia. "JinJar." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JinJar.JPG View on Boundless.com
Wood Bodhisattva
A wooden and gilded statue of the Buddha (bodhisattva) from the Chinese Song Dynasty (960-1279), from the Shanghai Museum.
Wikipedia. "Wood Bodhisattva." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wood_Bodhisattva.jpg View on Boundless.com
Detail of the original "Along the River during Qingming Festival" by Zhang Zeduan, early 12th century
Zhang Zeduan was instrumental in the early history of the Chinese landscape art style known as shan shui. Zhang's original painting of the Along the
River During the Qingming Festival reveals much about life in China during the 11th-12th century. Its myriad depictions of different people interacting
with one another reveals the nuances of class structure and the many hardships of urban life as well. It also displays accurate depictions of technological
practices found in Song China.
Wikipedia. "Bianjing city gate." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bianjing_city_gate.JPG View on Boundless.com
Snow Mountains by Guo Xi, located in the Shanghai Museum.

Guo Xi, a representative painter of landscape painting in the Northern Song dynasty, has been well known for depicting mountains, rivers and forests in
winter. This piece shows a scene of deep and serene mountain valley covered with snow and several old trees struggling to survive on precipitous cliffs.
It is a masterpiece of Guo Xi by using light ink and magnificent composition to express his open and high artistic conception.
Wikipedia. "Deep Valley." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deep_Valley.jpg View on Boundless.com
Porcelains from the Song Dynasty

Left item: A Northern Song qingbai-ware vase with a transparent blue-toned ceramic glaze, from Jingdezhen, 11th century. Center item: A Northern or
Southern Song qingbai-ware bowl with incised lotus decorations, a metal rim, and a transparent blue-toned glaze, from Jingdezhen, 12th or 13th century;
Right item: A Southern Song miniature model of a granary with removable top lid and doorway, qingbai porcelain with transparent blue-toned glaze,
Jingdezhen, 13th century.
Wikipedia. "1280px-Song_Dynasty_Porcelain.jpg." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty#/media/File:Song_Dynasty_Porcelain.jpg View on
Boundless.com
Han dynasty in 100 BC

The Han Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms (220–280
CE).
Wikipedia. "Han_Dynasty_100_BCE.png." CC BY 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_dynasty#/media/File:Han_Dynasty_100_BCE.png View on Boundless.com
Neolithic cong, 3rd millennium BCE

The cong is a Chinese jade vessel, square on the outside but circular on the inside.
Wikipedia. "800px-Chinese_-_Cong_-_Walters_42340_-_Profile.jpg." Public domain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_jade#/media/File:Chinese_-_Cong_-
_Walters_42340_-_Profile.jpg View on Boundless.com
Dong Yuan, Xiao and Xiang Rivers. 10th century

Dong Yuan painted the rolling hills and rivers of his native countryside using soft, rubbed brushwork.
Wikipedia. "Xiao and Xiang rivers." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xiao_and_Xiang_rivers.jpg View on Boundless.com
Tomb of Fu Hao
With over 200 bronze ritual vessels and 109 inscriptions of Lady Fu Hao's name, archaeologists realized they had stumbled across the tomb of the
militant consort to King Wu Ding, as described in 170 to 180 Shang oracle bones.
Wikipedia. "Tomb Fu Hao YinXu." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tomb_Fu_Hao_YinXu.jpg View on Boundless.com
Picture of Qin Dynasty Arcuballista Bolts shown with Regular Handheld Crossbow Bolts, 5th- 3rd century
B.C.
The crossbow was introduced in the 5th century BC and was more powerful and accurate than the composite bows used earlier.
Wikipedia. "Qinacruballistabolts." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qinacruballistabolts.jpg View on Boundless.com
Qin Empire, 210 BCE

The colored territories show the approximate extent of Qin political control at the death of Qin Shi Huang in 210 BCE.
Wikipedia. "Qin empire 210 BCE." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qin_empire_210_BCE.png View on Boundless.com
Song Dynasty ding ware porcelain bottle, 11th century

The making of glazed and translucent porcelain and celadon wares with complex use of enamels was developed further during the Song period.
Wikipedia. "Song Dynasty Porcelain Bottle." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Song_Dynasty_Porcelain_Bottle.jpg View on Boundless.com
Eastern Wu artwork depicting architecture

A green-glaze ceramic jar from the Three Kingdoms (or Eastern Wu) period with human figures, birds, and architecture, on display in the Nanjing
Museum.
Wikipedia. "Eastern_Wu_green_glaze_pottery_jar_%28top%29.JPG." GNU FDL
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Wu#/media/File:Eastern_Wu_green_glaze_pottery_jar_(top).JPG View on Boundless.com
Tomb mural
Murals from a tomb of the Six Dynasties period (550-577 CE) in Jiuyuangang, Xinzhou, showing a rural hunting scene on horseback
Wikipedia. "Tomb_of_Northern_Qi_Dynasty_in_Jiuyuangang%2C_Xinzhou%2C_Mural_02.jpg." Public domain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Dynasties#/media/File:Tomb_of_Northern_Qi_Dynasty_in_Jiuyuangang,_Xinzhou,_Mural_02.jpg View on Boundless.com
Songyue Pagoda
A circular-based stone-constructed Buddhist pagoda built in 523 CE during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period of the Six Dynasties. It is the
oldest existent stone Chinese pagoda, although wooden Chinese pagodas that existed beforehand have since been worn down and destroyed.
Wikipedia. "800px-Songyue_Pagoda_1.JPG." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songyue_Pagoda#/media/File:Songyue_Pagoda_1.JPG View on
Boundless.com
Bulguksa Temple
Together with the Seokguram Grotto, the Bulguksa Temple was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995.
Wikipedia. "Bulguk_Tempel.jpg." CC BY-SA 2.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulguksa#/media/File:Bulguk_Tempel.jpg View on Boundless.com
Goguryeo Moon
Goguryeo Tomb Mural
Wikipedia. "Goguryeo moon." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goguryeo_moon.jpg View on Boundless.com
Nanchan Temple
Nanchan Temple, built during the late 8th century
Wikipedia. "1024px-Nanchan_Temple_1.JPG." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty#/media/File:Nanchan_Temple_1.JPG View on
Boundless.com
Walking on Path in Spring by Ma Yuan (马远 c.1190 - 1279年）)

Ma Yuan was one of the most prominent Chinese painters of the Song Dynasty.
Wikipedia. "1280px-Ma_Yuan_Walking_on_Path_in_Spring.jpg." Public domain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Yuan_(painter)#/media/File:Ma_Yuan_Walking_on_Path_in_Spring.jpg View on Boundless.com
Ma Lin, Listening to the Wind (1246)

Southern Song officials were interested in reforming society from the bottom up and on a small scale. Hence, their paintings often focused on small,
visually closer, and more intimate scenes, while the background was often depicted as bereft of detail as a realm without substance or concern for the
artist or viewer.
Wikipedia. "ma-lin-001.@2x.jpeg." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ma_Lin_001.jpg View on Boundless.com
Longquan celadon ware vase

A Longquan Ware Celadon Vase, Song Dynasty, 13th Century, from the Nantoyōsō Collection, Japan
Wikipedia. "800px-Song_Dynasty_Celadon_Vase.jpg." Public domain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longquan_celadon#/media/File:Song_Dynasty_Celadon_Vase.jpg View on Boundless.com
Wu Daozi, The Teaching Confucius (685-758)

The painting of people reached a climax under the Tang Dynasty.
Wikipedia. "Confucius Tang Dynasty." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Confucius_Tang_Dynasty.jpg View on Boundless.com
Seokguram Buddha
Buddha at Seokguram in South Korea, World Heritage picture.
Wikipedia. "Seokguram Buddha." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seokguram_Buddha.JPG View on Boundless.com
Portrait of the Zen Buddhist monk Wuzhun Shifan (1238)

Portrait of the Zen Buddhist monk Wuzhun Shifan, painted in 1238.
Wikipedia. "Chinesischer Maler von 1238 001." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinesischer_Maler_von_1238_001.jpg View on Boundless.com
Longshan Pottery
Black eggshell pottery of the Longshan culture.
Wikipedia. "CMOC Treasures of Ancient China exhibit - black pottery goblet." CC BY-SA
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_black_pottery_goblet.jpg View on Boundless.com
Goguryeo Mural Art

The murals of Goguryeo are strongly colored and show daily life and Korean mythologies of the time.
Wikipedia. "Goguryeo-Gakjeochong-Ssireumdo-01." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goguryeo-Gakjeochong-Ssireumdo-01.jpg View on
Boundless.com
Zhou Bronze
A Western Zhou bronze gui vessel, c. 1000 BC.
Wikipedia. "Western Zhou Gui Vessel." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Western_Zhou_Gui_Vessel.jpg View on Boundless.com
Luoshenfu, Gu Kaizhi (344-406 CE)

The painting Luoshenfu by artist Gu Kaizhi, painted during the Six Dynasties Period.
Wikipedia. "Luoshenfu Gu Kai Zhi." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Luoshenfu_Gu_Kai_Zhi.jpg View on Boundless.com
Pottery Palace
Though this example is from the Han Dynasty (c. 2nd century BCE - 2nd century CE), this pottery palace provides a good example of pottery created for
elite burial that illustrates the architecture of the time.
Wikipedia. "Pottery palace 1." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pottery_palace_1.JPG View on Boundless.com
Crossbow men from the Terracotta Army, interred by 210 BCE, Qin Dynasty
The spectacular Terracotta Army was assembled for the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China from 221–210 BCE.
Wikipedia. "Armee d'argile 03." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Armee_d'argile_03.JPG View on Boundless.com
Yan Liben, Thirteen Emperors Scroll (detail)

Yan Liben was the personal portraitist to the Emperor Taizong.
Wikipedia. "Chen Feidi Tang." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chen_Feidi_Tang.jpg View on Boundless.com
Liangzhu Jade Bi
Jade bi from the Liangzhu culture; the ritual object is a symbol of wealth and military power.
Wikipedia. "CMOC Treasures of Ancient China exhibit - jade disk." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-
_jade_disk.jpg View on Boundless.com
Yangshao Bowl
Human-faced fish decoration bowl, 5000-4000 BCE, from Banpo village, Shaanxi.
Wikipedia. "Banpo bowl." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Banpo_bowl.jpg View on Boundless.com
Zhou Dynasty bronze sword

An Eastern-Zhou bronze sword excavated from Changsa, Hunan Province
Wikipedia. "800px-CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_bronze_sword.jpg." CC BY-SA 2.5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_dynasty#/media/File:CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_bronze_sword.jpg View on Boundless.com
A Shang dynasty bronze ding vessel

The Shang royal court and aristocrats required a vast amount of different bronze vessels for various ceremonial purposes and events of religious
divination.
Wikipedia. "800px-Dinastia_shang%2C_tipode_ding_biansato%2C_xiii-xii_sec._ac.JPG." CC BY-SA 3.0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty#/media/File:Dinastia_shang,_tipode_ding_biansato,_xiii-xii_sec._ac.JPG View on Boundless.com
White pottery pot with geometric design, Shang dynasty (1600–1100 BC)
Wikipedia. "800px-China_shang_white_pottery_pot.JPG." CC BY-SA 2.0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_ceramics#/media/File:China_shang_white_pottery_pot.JPG View on Boundless.com
A bronze axe of the Shang dynasty

Bronze weapons were an integral part of Shang society, and Shang infantry were armed with a variety of stone and bronze weaponry.
Wikipedia. "1024px-CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_bronze_battle_axe.jpg." CC BY-SA 2.5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty#/media/File:CMOC_Treasures_of_Ancient_China_exhibit_-_bronze_battle_axe.jpg View on Boundless.com
A Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks (晴), Li Cheng (c. 919 - c. 967 CE)
Li Cheng was among the great landscape painters from northern China.
Wikipedia. "Li Cheng,temple boudhiste dans les montagnes." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Li_Cheng,temple_boudhiste_dans_les_montagnes.jpg
View on Boundless.com
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Longshan culture." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longshan_culture
• Wikipedia. "Yangshao." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangshao
• Wiktionary. "Neolithic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Neolithic
• Wikibooks. "Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Arts and Crafts/Ceramics (General Conference)." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Arts_and_Crafts/Ceramics_(General_Conference)
• Wikipedia. "Zhou dynasty." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_dynasty
• Wikipedia. "Ding." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ding_(vessel)
• Wikipedia. "Bronze Age." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age#China
• Wikipedia. "Gui." CC BY-SA 3.0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gui_(vessel)
• Wikipedia. "Oracle bones." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle%20bones
• National Gallery of Art. CC BY http://www.nga.gov/education/chinatp_zho.shtm
• Wikipedia. "Shang dynasty." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty
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