TANKER SHIPS, MARINE TERMINALS AND

LNG

Management technology oil and gas surface

Group 2
Members: Yurley Soraya Pinto
Angie Liseth González
Adriana Peña García
Diana Marcela González
 DIARY

SHIPS TANKERS LNG SHIPS SEAPORTS

 CONCEPT  SEAPORTS
 CLASSIFICATION  TYPES  FEATURES
 REGULATION  UNITS
 DESIGN  OPERATIONS
 OPERATIONS
 INERT GAS SYSTEM
 CLEANING TANKS
 TANKERS

AN OIL TANKER IS A SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION DESIGNED

TO TRANSPORT CRUDE OIL OR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.

http://tecnologia-maritima.blogspot.com.co/2012/05/los-buques-petroleros-y-su.html
 FOR YOUR ABILITY By function

 Coastal
CLASSIFICATION

 Oil Bulk Ore (OBO)

 General Purpose Tanker
 Floating Production Storage
 Handy Siza Tanker Offload (FPSO)
 Panamax
 Floating Storing Unit (FSU)
 Aframax
 Shuttle Tanker (ST)
 Suezmax  Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG
 Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)
 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
 Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC)
  CLASSIFICATION

Tankers are usually grouped according to their carrying capacity and suitability
for each traffic:

Fuente http://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2117/3020/Seguridad%20Buques%20Petroleros.pdf
 PANAMAX

With tonnages between 55,000 and 80,000 dwt. His name is because originally the
dimensions of these ships comply with the maximum allowed for their transit
through the Panama Canal (274 meters long, 32 m wide and 13 m deep).

http://tecnologia-maritima.blogspot.com.co/2012/05/los-buques-petroleros-y-su.html
 AFRAMAX


Exclusively to transport crude. The Aframax is designed to carry between 500,000
to 800,000 barrels. They reach a dead weight of 80,000 tons. Their trade route
includes areas such as the Caribbean, Mediterranean or the Persian Gulf.

http://tecnologia-maritima.blogspot.com.co/2012/05/los-buques-petroleros-y-su.html
 SUEZ MAX

Exclusively to transport crude. It comes to transport between 900,000 to 1,200,000

barrels. Tonnage ranging from 80,000 to 160,000 dwt. Trade regularly between the
west coast of Africa, northeastern Europe, the Caribbean and the east coast of
North America.

http://tecnologia-maritima.blogspot.com.co/2012/05/los-buques-petroleros-y-su.html
 Very large crude carrier (VLCC).

With dead weights from 200,000 to 320,000 dwt. Given its size it is operating ships usually in
offshore terminals.


http://tecnologia-maritima.blogspot.com.co/2012/05/los-buques-petroleros-y-su.html
• Coastal Tanker:
Son buques de hasta 16.500 TPM usados en trayectos cortos.

http://tecnologia-maritima.blogspot.com.co/2012/05/los-buques-petroleros-y-su.html
 U.L.C.C. (Ultra Large Crude Carrier):

Are those whose capacity exceeds 320,000 dwt. These supertankers appear on the market in the late
'60s. Due to their large size are very limited to operate in restricted waters.

http://tecnologia-maritima.blogspot.com.co/2012/05/los-buques-petroleros-y-su.html
 General Purpose Tanker (Multipropósito):

 They range from 16,500 to 25,000 dwt, operating in various trades.

http://tecnologia-maritima.blogspot.com.co/2012/05/los-buques-petroleros-y-su.html
 Handy Size Tanker:
 It is 25,000 to 45,000 ships TPM, examples of areas of operation are the
Caribbean, East Coast of the United States, the Mediterranean and Northern
Europe.

http://tecnologia-maritima.blogspot.com.co/2012/05/los-buques-petroleros-y-su.html
 By function
1. Floating Production Storage Offload (FPSO)
are used, anchored in secondary or
marginal fields, for upon receipt of oil from
wells, perform water purification and
stabilization of crude oil, store it and then
transposing it to other oil
2. Storing Floating Unit (FSU) performs functions
only storage and deposit.
3. Shuttle Tanker (shuttles) are specialized
ships that continually repeat the journey
back and forth, from well (offshore
installation), to the refinery on land where
unloading crude for treatment.
4. Oil Bulk Ore (OBO) is a cargo ship designed
to transport liquid and solid bulk cargoes.

Fuente: http://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2117/3020/Seguridad%20Buques%20Petroleros.pdf
 Depending on the type of cargo transport
 heavy or dirty ships cargo (crude
oil tanker). Heavy loads are crude,
asphalt or residual fuel oil:
 They are transported by tankers as
large-sized Aframax, VLCC and
ULCC.
 NOTE
If transported oil, fuel oil and, in
general, high viscosity products must
be heated tanks flowability loading
and facilitate discharge. The filling
and emptying is made by the fund.
 ships carrying refined products,
called light or clean loads
(product tank
Refined products are natural
gasoline, automobile gasoline, light
diesel oil, kerosene, etc, and are
transported by ships with lower
tonnage corresponding to the
classification of coastal vessels
 APPLICABLE TO VESSELS TANKER REGULATIONS

This regulation is managed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)

• SOLAS SOLAS Convention
• MARPOL 73/78 International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships
• STCW 95, International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping
for Seafarers
• International Convention on Load Lines

GENERAL TANKER SHIP DESIGN

The current arrangement of spaces of an oil tanker, carrying either cargo or refined heavy load
is defined by SOLAS.
• Freight tank
• freight cover
• Pumphouse
• Load control room
• Divisions spaces of an oil tank
 FREIGHT TANK
The double-hulled tankers are less sensitive to damage and cause accidents spills in collision
with other ships or aground. double hull longitudinal bulkhead tank engine room

https://ingenieromarino.wordpress.com/2014/02/26/18-s-o-p-e-p-
shipboard-oil-pollution-emergency-plan/
 FREIGHT TANK

WHAT USE IS THE DOUBLE HULL OF A TANKER?

PROTECTS AGAINST FREIGHT TANKS DAMAGES, THUS

REDUCING THE RISK OF CONTAMINATION

Fuente: http://www.epoxi.depintur.com/marina.htm
 FREIGHT CHARGE

 Manifold charge, located in the center of the cover corresponds to the zone valves with all
lines connected to loading / unloading of tanks.
 Lines inert gas is located so that distribute inert gas shits tanks, ballast tanks, freight manifold,
lines loading / unloading and double bottoms.

http://notifalcon.com/v2/pdv-marina-logra-con-exito-primera-transferencia-de-carga-
buque-a-buque/
 COVER CHARGE

 Fire lines, pipes that are scattered all over the deck
 Tank washing lines, perform tank cleaning, it will be carried out with crude oil or water,
depending on the type of vessel and product transport.

Fuente: https://ingenieromarino.wordpress.com/2014/06/09/24o-sistema-de-gas-inerte-a-bordo/
 PUMPHOUSE

 Pumphouse vital for unloading a tanker space, and at the same time one
of the most dangerous areas of the ship's crew.
 here the pumps discharge the ship and has the largest concentration of
lines of the ship. Ship pumps are generally occupied in unloading, tank
washings and when load would be transferred from one tank to another.
 CONTROL OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF
FREIGHT TANK
This system is a security measure
implemented in tankers, whose great
purpose, avoid fire and / or explosion in
the freight area.
You can be obtained by:
 Inerting, call the process when inert
gas is injected into a freight tank, to
obtain an oxygen level, less than 8%
by volume.
 Purging is the additional injection of
inert gas into a tank and "inertized".
Which aims to reduce the level of
hydrocarbon gas in the tank, to a
volume in the tank than 2% so the risk
of fire and / or explosion is avoided by
introducing air cargo tank, a process
degassing.

Fuente: https://ingenieromarino.wordpress.com/2014/06/09/24o-sistema-de-gas-inerte-a-bordo/
Fuente:
 Pure inert gases like; helium, krypton,
argon, neon, xenon and radon, is not
used in oil due to its high cost, so board
used gases from:
 independent inert gas generators.
 gas turbines.
 main or auxiliary boilers (old oil).

Fuente: https://ingenieromarino.wordpress.com/2014/06/09/24o-sistema-de-gas-
inerte-a-bordo/
 Cleaning oil tanks (operating principle)

The techniques of the washing process are two:

1) Wash on a stage; which involves washing the
tank full, until clean, continuously and without
interruption. For this, the tank must be dry, not
allowing fluid collections in the plan during the
washing process.
2) Washing in two or more stages; It is to
perform the operation with interruptions during
the duration of the discharge tanks to clean,
using the same areas that are free from raw
devices to wash. using programmable
machines is recommended, thus minimizing
costs.

https://ingenieromarino.wordpress.com/2014/02/26/18-s-o-p-e-p-shipboard-oil-pollution-emergency-plan/
LNG carrier
 Introduction
A gas tanker is a vessel for the
transportation of liquefied natural
gas, LNG from natural gas producing
countries to consuming countries.
The technological characteristics of
these boats are very sophisticated,
because the gas must be
maintained at a temperature of -160
° C for long recorridos.1 They are
boats with a capacity of between
30,000 and 266,000 m3.

Fuente: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanero

Fuente: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanero
Fuente: https://vadebarcos.wordpress.com/tag/gasero/
 MEMBRANE TANKS
These are tanks that are not self-supporting
and consist of a thin-walled (approx. 1mm)
resting on an insulation disposed between
the membrane and the helmet that allows
deformation under the effect of the acting
forces, their containments must have
secondary barriers capable of withstanding
possible leaks.

Fuente: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20081217005585/es/
Fuente: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20081217005585/es/
SEAPORTS
 Have a key role in the development of
business operations, 51% of national
exports are oil. Colombia has 4 ports to
meet export or import, on the part of oil
and refined. They have 2 for now in use:
 Covenas
 Tumaco
 Cartagena (developing a
regasification plant, which advanced
70% to thus import and import LNG)

Fuente: http://es.slideshare.net/robinsonmancilla/puertos-colombianos
 The Covenas terminal is the
main port of movement of
hydrocarbons in Colombia.
This is powered by Cano
Limon Covenas pipeline, oil
pipeline Colombia (ODC) and
Central Oil Pipeline
(OCENSA). In addition to the
crude from pipelines also
naphtha cargo from
Barrancabermeja Refinery to
what lines are used Galan -
Ayacucho and Marquetalia -
Covenas

Fuente: http://costanoticias.com/golfo-de-morrosquillo-tres-derrames-de-crudo-en-un-mes/
  Receipt of crude
 Pressure Control
 Measurement
 Storage
 Raw office

Fuente: http://negociosypetroleo.com/es/2015/08/30/colombia-ecopetrol-y-cenit-renuevan-
infraestructura-de-puerto-covenas/
Colombia's main oil port on the Pacific Ocean. Located in the department of
Nariño.
In Tumaco it has storage tanks for 900 thousand barrels. The port of Tumaco
arrives from the Trans-Andean oil pipeline has a capacity of pumping 50,000
bpd of crude oil through 310 kilometers.
This port accepts vessels up to 110 000 tons of maximum displacement. The
KNOCK SHEEN large transport ship oil from Singapore, reached the port of
Tumaco.
LOADING CAPACITY
400,000 barrels tax charge of up to 24,000 (GHP) 6 km in submarine line. There
are six buoys oil terminal
 Where measures to minimize oil spills or to
refloat a stranded vessel is taken, we must
take into account the structural and stability
considerations in response to the incident.

Fuente: http://www.lavozdelsandinismo.com/internacionales/2010-06-09/amplian-flota-de-barcos-para-
recoger-petroleo-derramado-en-el-golfo-de-mexico/
http://www.ecopetrol.com.co/wps/portal/es/ecopetrol-web/nuestra-empresa/quienes-
somos/lo-que-hacemos/transporte/covenas/instalaciones-costa-afuera
https://ingenieromarino.wordpress.com/2014/06/09/24o-sistema-de-gas-inerte-a-bordo
http://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2117/3020/Seguridad%20Buques%20Petroleros.p
df
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanero
http://es.slideshare.net/robinsonmancilla/puertos-colombianos