UNDER WATER WELDING

BY
F.SYED NADHEEM
G.SRINATH
TAMILNADU COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING

NAME : F.SYED NADHEEM

NAME : G.SRINATH
DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL
YEAR : THIRD YEAR
ORGIN
DEFINITION
TYPES
WORKING PRINCIPLE
EQUIPMENTS NEEDED
ADVANTAGES
LIMITATIONS
APPLICATIONS
 ORGIN

KONSTANIN KHRENOV was

invented under water welding in year
1932 .
During the second world war , an urgent
need was felt for salvaging vessels sunk
into sea.
DEFINITION
Under water welding is the process
whereby metals are melted together KONSTANTIN KHRENOV
underwater to either repair or
structure or create a new structure
used on oil wells , ships and under
water
 Underwater Welding Types :
 DRY WELDING
 WET WELDING

Wet welding:
Welding with water directly surrounding the welding site in a wet
environment.

Dry welding:
Welding at higher pressure with insulation from water around
the weld site. The welder works partially or fully inside of a habitat in a
dry or semi-dry environment.
WORKING PRINCIPLE

The welding circuit must include positive type of switch , usually

a knife switch operated on the surface and commanded by the
welder and is used for safety reasons

When DC is used with +ve polarity , electrolysis will take place

and cause rapid deterioration of any metallic components in the
electrode holder.

For wet welding AC is used on account of electrical safety and

difficulty in maintaining an arc underwater.
 EQUIPMENTS NEEDED
Stinger : Stingers, also called electrode holders, serve the same
purpose on surface level or below water: they provide an
outlet for the power and give the welder control over their
arc.
Electrode : Old-fashioned divers produce wet welding electrodes with
a special recipe: Coat regular, topside electrodes in
waterproof gloss

Welding Machine : Inverter , alternator , transformer.

PROCESS :

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW): The most common type of

welding in the underwater and topside industry, it is used 90-95%
of the time in wet welding. Many refer to it as “stick” welding,
because welders use a long, thin cylinder (electrode) and an
electrical arc to accomplish their work. Application for stainless
steel, aluminum and other metals

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW): Also known as “TIG,” is

achieved with an electrode made of tungsten, non-
consumable. Heat is applied with an electric arc. Application
for stainless steel, aluminum, and other metals.
.
 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW): Also known as “MIG,” this
welding process is done with a shielding gas running through
the welding gun around the electrode. Known for its diverse
metal transfer methods. Application for aluminum and other
non-ferrous metals.

Plasma Arc Welding (PAW): Uses an electric arc but constricts

the arc, like pressurized water in a small hose. It allows for
high arc (plasma) speed and intense heat to the weld site.
Application for stainless steel, aluminum, and other metals.

TYPE COST DANGER VISIBILITY ACCESSIBILI WELD USE

TY STRENGTH

WET LOW HIGH LOW HIGH MEDIUM 20%

DRY HIGH MEDIUM HIGH LOW HIGH 80%

ADVANTAGES
Cheapest and fastest method

Tensile strength is high

Easy of access the weld spot

No habitat, no construction,

No waste of time

LIMITATIONS
Rapid quenching decreases impact strength, ductility

Hydrogen embrittlement, cracks

Poor visibility in water.

APPLICATIONS
Offshore construction for tapping sea resources,

Salvaging vessels sunk in the sea

Repair and maintenance of ships

Construction of large ships.

SCOPE FOR FUTURE
Automation of under water welding and joining
inspection structures.

Investigation of potential of using a robot manipulator

for UWW ultrasonic testing of weld joints of complex
geometry.