Objectives:

Discuss the differences

between a series circuit and a
parallel circuit.

Use respective formulas to

solve for voltages, currents,
and resistances at any point
in a given circuit.
Operate devices for
measuring currents
and voltages.
Resistor
an electronic component
used to provide a specific
amount of resistance.

consider as a load because

loads provide resistance to
current flow.
 The Series Circuit

All components are connected

using a single pathway.

Characterized by a single loop for

current flow.

The current is the same for all

the components along this circuit.
Total voltage

is the sum of the individual

voltages across the circuit.

Total resistance

is the sum of the individual

resistances of each circuit
load.
Compute the individual values and the total values
of the voltage, the current, and the resistance of
the series circuit here.

= 6Ω

= 3Ω

20 V
Solution:

Total resistance in the circuit

= 6Ω + 3Ω
= 9Ω

The total current

I = V/R
= 20V/ 9Ω
= 2.22A
I1 = 2.22 A I2 = 2.22 A

V1 = (2.22 A) ( 6Ω)
= 13.32 V

V2 = (2.22A)(3Ω)
= 6.66V
What Have I Learned So Far?

Compute the individual values and the total

values of the voltage, the current, and the
resistance of the series circuit here.
PARALLEL
CIRCUITS
 use branches to allow
current to
pass through more than one
path.

the voltage
between two points
in a circuit does not
depend on the path
taken

The current in each load is

not the same as the total
current in the circuit.
 The total current is
the sum of the
individual currents
across the
resistors.

I total = I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + … = In
 The reciprocal of the total
resistance in this type of circuit is
equal to the
sum of the reciprocal of the
individual resistances.

1/Rt = 1/R1 + I/R2 + 1/R3 = 1/Rn

 The individual voltages are all the
same as the total voltage

V total = V1 =V2 = V3 =…Vn

Compute the individual values and the total
values of the voltage, the current and the
resistance of the parallel circuit.

V= 15V R1= 2Ω R2= 4Ω

 The total resistance of the circuit

1/R total = 1/R1 + 1/R2

= 1/2Ω + 1/4Ω
= 1.33Ω
 The current in the circuit

I1 = V/R1 = 15V/2Ω = 7.5A

I2 = V/R2 = 15/4Ω = 3.75A
 The total current in the circuit

Itotal = Vtotal/Rtotal
= 15V/1.33Ω
= 11.28 A
 What Have I Learned So Far?

Compute the individual values and the total values of

the voltage, the current, and the resistance of the
circuit.
 Draw a parallel circuit that connects
a battery and four resistors in four
branched with a total resistance of
3/5Ω.

How can you distinguish a series from a

parallel circuit?

Provide examples and illustrations to exhibit

the differences between them.
Ohmic show the relationship
Components between voltage and the
current

Examples are:
resistors and ordinary
conducting wires

Factors to consider for ohmic

components:
voltage, current, and
resistance
Non-Ohmic Components

Ohm’s law does not apply in

the ways these
components operate.

Examples:
Bulb filaments and
semiconductors