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MATERIAL SCIENCE
TOPIC 3: MATERIAL
PROPERTIES & BEHAVIOR
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Strength (Kekuatan)
Is the ability of a material to withstand an applied stress without
failure or deformation.
Tensile & Compressive Strength (kN), Shear & Bending Strength, Proof Stress, etc.
<High strength
solid steel weight
bar allow a
person to lift
heavy weight
plates (max
450kg) with less
deformation.
^High strength double girder overhead crane having lifting capacity
up to 500ton.
<Sydney Harbour
Bridge is constructed
by high strength steel
with high tensile steel
for the trusses, cross
girder flanges and
principal lateral
bracings.
Hardness (Kekerasan)
Ability of resistance to localized plastic deformation or
penetration (e.g., a small dent, wear or a scratch).
<Diamond is the
hardest mineral
Spartan Hoplite
Hoplites had red cloaks, bronze
armor (kodonosximos), Hoplon
shield,andclosedCorinthian
helmet. All these make by hard
material.
Turning a metal rod it in a lathe by tool
Anti scratch sapphire glass bit (harder than workpiece).
Elasticity (Keanjalan)
Elastic deformation is nonpermanent, which means that
when the applied load is released, the piece returns to its
original shape.
Modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus, E [GN/m2])
v Fishing rods or poles
^ Rat trap
> Carsuspension
springs
^ Elastic chest expander
Plasticity (Keplastikan)
Is a permanent deformation; the object does not return to
its original shape when the stress is removed.
Tensile test of an
AlMgSi alloy. The
Aluminium Wire are made by local necking & the
Bending a ductiles’ mild steel
drawing out through a die hole. cup and cone
fracture surfaces Tensile test of a
are typical for nodular cast iron
ductile metals. with very low
ductility.
Handmade aluminium wire
bicycle, art scale model.
Toughness (Keliatan)
Ability of a material to prevent impact load without
fracture.
(A)Creep
• When a metal or an alloy is under a constant load or stress, it may
undergo progressive
plastic deformation over a period of time. This time dependent strain
called creep.
• For example, an engineer selecting an alloy for the turbine blades of
a gas turbine engine must choose an alloy with a very low creep rate
so that the blades can remain for in service for a long period of time
before having of replaced.
A typical creep curve for a metal. The curve represents the time versus strain
behavior of a metal or alloy under a constant load at constant temperature.
(B)Fatigue
i. Brittle Fracture
Proceed along characterized by crystallographic planes called cleavageplanes and has
rapid crack propagation