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Comma Usage
Simple and Expanded
Simple:
L : LISTS:
Place a comma between the items in a series.
(The comma before the final item in a series is optional, but more formal.)
I :INTRODUCTIONS:
Place a comma before elements that precede the subject.
E :EXTRA INFORMATION:
Divide extra (non-essential) information of all kinds with a comma on
each side of the extra information.
S :SENTENCES:
Divide independent clauses (sentences) with a comma and a conjunction.
L : LISTS Expanded:
E: EXTRA INFORMATION
• To separate parenthetical/contrasted elements
– Ally stepped into class, late as usual, and sat down.
• To enclose explanatory words
– They stood together, clear of the window, and talked.
• To set off appositives
– Benson, our enthusiastic terrier, tore up my homework.
• To set off nonrestrictive participial phrases and clauses.
– The aquarium, which was built last year, is busy every day.
(clause)
– Students, trying to raise their ACT score, came to the workshop.
(phrase)
• To set off an adverb clause that begins with although, even
though, while or another conjunction expressing a contrast.
– Tina walked home, even though it was raining very hard.
S: SENTENCES
Expanded
L : LISTS:
Place a comma between the items in a series.
(The comma before the final item in a series is optional, but more formal.)
I :INTRODUCTIONS:
Place a comma before elements that precede the subject.
E :EXTRA INFORMATION:
Divide extra (non-essential) information of all kinds with a comma on
each side of the extra information.
S :SENTENCES:
Divide independent clauses (sentences) with a comma and a conjunction.