Maxillary

1st molar
 Beginning of Crown Eruption Root completed
calc. completed

6 At
6y
6 birth
7
3y 12y
7
8
8y 18y
8
No. of surfaces
It has four surfaces and Occlusal aspect.

Buccal Lingual Mesial Distal

No. of roots
It has three roots (two
buccal and one palatal). Occlusal
The buccal aspect
Geometrical outline
………………………
The outline
- Mesial outline is straight till the
contact area (at the junction of occ.
and middle 1/3s). D M
- The distal outline is convex till the
contact area (at the middle third).
- Mesial slope of the MB cusp and
distal slope of the DB cusp are
convex.

- The cervical line is straight or slightly convex.

-The occlusal outline:
-The MB cusp is broader than the DB
cusp which is longer and sharper .
- The ML cusp can be seen between
the two buccal cusps.
Surface anatomy
- Cervical ridge. D M
- Buccal developmental groove extends
to the middle of the buccal surface
separates the two buccal cusps.
-The groove may:
Split into 2 shallow grooves

Or Fade out Or end in a fault pit.

 - The roots
- Three roots, two buccal and one palatal.

- There is root trunk at cervical third.

It has a developmental groove.

- The MB root curves distally at

the middle third. D MM

-The DB root curves mesially at the

apical third.

- The palatal root is the longest

one, and appears between the
two buccal roots.
 Lingual aspect
- The geometrical outline and outline
is similar to the buccal aspect.
- No lingual convergence.
-The ML cusp is larger than the DL
cusp.
- The lingual developmental
groove separates the two lingual D
M
cusps and may end in a pit.
- The lingual groove is in line with the
palatal root apex.
- The three roots could be seen.
- The palatal root has developmental
depression.
-Tubercle of Carabelli present on the
ML cusp.
 The mesial aspect
Geometrical outline
………………………….

The outline
- The buccal outline is convex at
cervical third for the cervical ridge,
Then become concave at middle 1/3rd B L
.Then become straight at occlusal 1/3rd
.
- The lingual outline is convex
with the maximum convexity at
the middle third.
- The ML cusp is the largest and
tubercle of Carabelli attached to
it.
 - The mesial marginal ridge is
well developed.
- The cervical line is shallow
and curved occlusally.
- Surface anatomy
- The contact area present at
the junction of the occlusal and
middle third and buccal to the
midline.
- The roots

- Mesiobuccal and palatal roots.

- The palatal root is longer.

- The mesiobuccal root has 2/3 of the root trunk.

The distal aspect
Similar to the mesial aspect
but differs in:
1- The crown converges distally.
2- The distal marginal ridge is
more cervically.
3- The 4 cusps can be seen.
4- The cervical line is nearly straight.
5- The contact area is broader
than the mesial and located at the
middle third.
6- The three roots could be seen.
7- The root trunk is longer than the
mesial.
 B
The occlusal aspect
- It is rhomboidal in shape.
♥ The MB and DL angles are D 3 2
acute.
♥ The ML and the DB angles are
M
obtuse.
☻ The mesial outline is 1
longer than the distal. 4
☻The lingual outline is longer
than the buccal. L
- The four cusps according to the size are:
1- The ML. 2- The MB. 3- The DB. 4- The DL.
☻Tubercle of Carabelli present on the ML cusp.
- Oblique ridge connecting the ML cusp and the DB cusp.
 Surface anatomy Buccal D.G
Central fossa
(Central pit)
Distal triangular
fossa Mesiobuccal D.G
(Distal pit)
Mesial triangular
Distobuccal D.G fossa
(Mesial pit)
Distal fossa Mesaiolingual D.
Distolingual D.G
Central D.G
Transverse G. of Tubercle of
oblique ridge Carabelli
Lingual D.G
 The pulp cavity

Bucco-lingual section
- The pulp chamber is
broad with two pulp horns.
- Wide opening for the palatal
and mesiobuccal root canals.
- The palatal root canal is wide
and accessible.
- The mesiobuccal root has two root
canals with either one or two apical
foraminea.
Mesio-distal section

- The pulp chamber is not

wide with two pulp horns.

- The mesiobuccal and

distobuccal canals are
narrow and tapering to the
apex.
Maxillary
2nd molar
 The buccal aspect

- The crown is similar to the 1st

molar but differs in:

1- The crown is shorter .

2- The disto-buccal cusp is less

developed.

3- The roots are similar to upper first

permanent molar but less diverged.

5- The roots curved distally.

 Lingual aspect

- Similar to 6 but differs in:

1- The distolingual cusp is smaller

and may be missed.

2-There is no tubercle of Carabelli

3-The apex of the lingual root is in one

line with the cusp tip of the
distolingual cusp.
 The mesial aspect

Similar to 6 but differs in:

1- The crown is shorter

2- No cusp of Carabelli .
 The distal aspect

Similar to 6 but differs in:

The distolingual and the

distobuccal cusps are smaller.
 The occlusal aspect
It has two types

1- Rhomboid shape
- The acute angles are less acute and
the obtuse angles are more obtuse.

a- The distolingual and distobuccal

cusps are less developed.

b- More supplemental grooves

present.

c- No cusp of Carabelli.
 2- heart shape

- The distolingual cusp may be

poorly developed.
- OR
- The distolingual cusp may be
missed.

- This form has three cusps (Two

buccal and one lingual).
Maxillary
3rd molar
☻No standard form observed for this tooth thus, it
is hard to describe a typical maxillary third molar.

-The roots are short, poorly developed roots which are

curved distally. However, the roots are sometimes so
close together that may be completely fused.
-The tooth is the smallest molar.
There are 2 types of the occlusal surface
1- The most common occlusal
outline is heart shape, where
the tooth has three cusps
( mesiobuccal, distobuccal and
lingual cusps).
2- Rhomboid type with four
cusps, the distolingual cusp
is small and non-functioning
cusp. Also the oblique ridge
is poorly developed or
completely absent.

- Many supplemental grooves are distributed in

occlusal surface of the third molar
 Roots
- 3rd molar with 3 roots, They are poorly
developed and curved distally.

Or
-The roots are close together or completely
fused.
 BY
Dr. Samah Mehanni
 4 5 4 5

Buccal Concave outlines

aspect M slope>D D slope >M slope
Cervical and buccal ridges
Lingual Convex outlines
aspect At O third
Maximum convexity at M third Lingual DG(3
cusps)
Cusps B cusp B &L cusps L cusp B &L cusps
longer by nearly of nearly of
shorter by same
1 mm same height
3mm height
 4 5 4 5

Roots
2 roots 2 roots
80% 20%
Single rooted

Proximal Trapezoidal Rhomboidal

aspect Mesial DG Severe lingual Slight lingual
and canine inclination inclination
fossa M-L DG
Root trunk Shorter
mesially Longer than
than 4
distally
 4 5 4 5

Occlusal Hexagonal Oval diamond Oval or

aspect square
B &L triangular ridges, marginal ridges.
Two lingual
triangular
ridges (3
cusps)

5
 4 5 4 5

Occlusal Long central Short central Central & U or H

aspect &mesial DGs DG. mesio- shaped DG
Suplemental lingual DGs Y-shaped DG
grooves (3 cusps)
Suplemental
grooves
Mesial and distal triangular fossae