MCL 733 VIBRATION & NOISE

TERM PROJECT

Earthquake excitation
Animation Source: www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/
engineering/engineering5.html

BUILDING VIBRATIONS

By
Ankush Kapoor (2016MEM2706)
Shishir Priyadarisi (2016MEM2707)
 BUILDING VIBRATIONS-BASICS
Building
Mexico City earthquake of
Vibration September 19, 1985
Sources • majority of buildings that collapsed
were around 20 stories tall
• natural period of around 2.0 seconds
Other
Earthquake
Wind Artificial
• other buildings, of different heights,
(Seismic) time periods did not collapse
Sources

For a simplified 1-Dof model

Every Building has its own
𝑚
Natural Period, 𝑇 = 2𝜋 characteristic Natural Period
𝑘

Typical Natural
Building Height
Period (First)
2 story 0.2 seconds
5 story 0.5 seconds
10 story 1.0 seconds
20 story 2.0 seconds Velocity response Spectra of Mexico City, 1985
30 story 3.0 seconds earthquake
Source: http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/9_vol2_501
 BUILDING VIBRATIONS-BASICS
Building Vibration
Control

Passive Control Active Control

Tuned Mass
Damper Metallic yield Active Control Hybrid Mass
Base Isolation Friction Devices
(Vibration Damper with TMD (AMD) Damper (HMD)
Absorber)
 BASE ISOLATION PASSIVE CONTROL

Base isolation increases fundamental period.

This results in deformation in the isolation system
only, thus keeping the structure above almost rigid.
If the earthquake excitation contains a major
component of this fundamental period, there will be
large (although almost rigid) motions.
More famous in the US. Natural rubber bearings support isolate this
building from the ground, protecting the
structure during an earthquake.
Animation & Base isolation figure Source: Source:: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/tech/rubber-bearings-
www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/ seismic-protection/
engineering/engineering5.html not isolated isolated
 PASSIVE CONTROL
TUNED MASS DAMPER

• TMD reduces the dynamic response of the system.

• The frequency of the damper is tuned to a particular

structural natural frequency.

• The damper will resonate out of phase with the structural

motion.

• Energy is dissipated by the damper inertia force acting on

the structure.

• The mass of the damper transmits its inertia force to the

building in a direction opposite to the motions of the
structure itself, thereby reducing the building's
oscillations.
All Figure Sources: loannis Kourakis. Structural Systems and Tuned Mass Dampers of Super-Tall
Buildings:Case Study of Taipei 101, June 2007, MIT Master’s Thesis
 ACTIVE CONTROL
ACTIVE MASS DAMPER
• Adding an auxiliary mass with an actuator to the TMD
increases the efficiency of the system.
• Reduces deformation of the building
• The response of the auxiliary mass must be out of phase
during strong winds and earthquakes.
with the response of the Tuned Mass.
• Mass Damper works in all cases of
• Produces an additional force which complements the
weak-strong winds/quakes.
force generated by the tuned mass, thereby increasing
• Natural Frequency of the Damper and
the equivalent damping ratio of the TMD.
building is equal.
• Two level control system. First level for
moderate regular disturbances and for
strong winds/quakes, control switches
between two control systems.
• Requires power for operation. In case
of power failure, it will work as a
Passive TMD.

Figure Sources: loannis Kourakis. Structural Systems and Tuned Mass Dampers of Super-Tall Buildings:Case Study of Taipei 101, June 2007, MIT Master’s Thesis
 CASE STUDY I
RESPONSE OF TMD IN TAIPEI 101 UNDER DIFFERENT EARTHQUAKES SCENARIOS
Feature Characteristic Value TMD DID NOT MOVE!!

Total Mass 280000 Ton (approx.)

Primary Building 726 Ton
TMD Mass
2 Pinnacle TMD 5 Ton
First Natural 0.15 s-1
Frequency

Spectral amplitudes for the N-S component at T1S4 and 101B of the
great Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw 9.0) of 11 March, 2011
Source: Kou-Cheng Chen, Jeen-Hwa Wang, Bor-Shouh Huang, Chun-Chi Liu, and Win-Gee
Primary TMD Huang. Vibrations of the TAIPEI 101 skyscraper caused by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, Japan
Source: WikiMapia
 CASE STUDY I
RESPONSE OF TMD IN TAIPEI 101 UNDER DIFFERENT EARTHQUAKES SCENARIOS

TMD DID
NOT MOVE

TMD
MOVED
The NS-component spectral amplitudes from the 11 March 2011, Tohoku, Japan
earthquake (Mw = 9.0) and the 12 May 2008Wenchuan, China earthquake (Mw =
7.9) recorded at 101B
2011 earthquake-Large Response in 0.015-0.09 Hz
2008 earthquake-Large Response in 0.1-0.6 Hz (10 times more)
Three-component seismograms of (a) the 11 March 2011, Japan Source: Kou-Cheng Chen, Jeen-Hwa Wang, Bor-Shouh Huang, Chun-Chi Liu, and Win-Gee
earthquake and (b) the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake Huang. Vibrations of the TAIPEI 101 skyscraper caused by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, Japan
 CASE STUDY II
VIBRATION CONTROL OF COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEM

Terrace on the park building-General View

Ball Room (6th Floor Plan)

6 Floors suspended above the ground on 4 supercolumns.

Dancing-Huge structural Vibrations-a-0.07g & x-0.13 in.
Preliminary analysis-Floor Cantilever Natural Frequency
2.3 Hz. Matches to beats of many dances
Dance hall location increases amplitudes of vibration

Response Spectra of the floor excited by dancing

Source: ANTHONY C. WEBSTER and RIMAS VAICAITIS, Application of Tuned Mass Dampers To Control Vibrations of Composite Floor Systems
 CASE STUDY II
VIBRATION CONTROL OF COMPOSITE FLOOR SYSTEM
Possible Remedies
Change dancing hall position to bring it near center Not acceptable to caterer since dancing hall will be
between kitchen and dining hall
Structural Stiffening Too Costly for parks department
Simple passive Dampers No non moving element to attach dampers
Active Mass Damper High Installation cost and maintenance
Tuned Mass Damper Acceptable solution

Finally, A Tuned mass Damper was designed

and installed.

The TMD reduced the vibrations at

fundamental mode by 60 %

The TMD’s cost was 15% of the estimated

Section through ball room Floor cost of structural stiffening

Source: ANTHONY C. WEBSTER and RIMAS VAICAITIS, Application of Tuned Mass Dampers To Control Vibrations of Composite Floor Systems
 REFERENCES
1. loannis Kourakis. Structural Systems and Tuned Mass Dampers of Super-Tall Buildings:Case Study of
Taipei 101, June 2007, MIT Master’s Thesis

2. Kou-Cheng Chen, Jeen-Hwa Wang, Bor-Shouh Huang, Chun-Chi Liu, and Win-Gee Huang. Vibrations of
the TAIPEI 101 skyscraper caused by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, Japan

3. Anthony c. Webster, Rimas vaicaitis, Application of Tuned Mass Dampers To Control Vibrations of
Composite Floor Systems

4. Haruyuki Kitamura, Takayuki Teramoto, Takayashi Yamane. Design and Analysis of a tall building with an
active mass damper. Earthquake Engineering, Tenth Conference, 1992 Balkema, Rotterdam

5. www.Wikipedia.org