Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
CEE-301
PAVEMENT DESIGN
Lecture no 6-A
Flexible Rigid
Pavements Pavements
AC PCC Slab
Base
Subgrade
Subgrade
Bituminous Layer
Sub-grade
RIGID PAVEMENTS
Rigid Pavements are wearing surfaces constructed
of Portland Cement Concrete on sub grade or
granular sub base.
Contains sufficient beam strength to bridge over
localized sub-grade failures and areas of
inadequate support. Required for
Control of pumping.
Control of frost action.
Drainage.
Control of shrinkage and swell of sub grade.
Expeditious construction.
Concrete Slab
Sub Base
Sub-grade
Steel in Concrete Pavements
■ Used for temperature reinforcement purposes, dowel or tie bar.
■ Mesh does not prevent cracking but slows down propagation.
■ Dowel bars transfer load.
■ Tie bars not intended for load transfer.
Wheel Load, Configuration and Tyre Pressure
■ Gross weight transferred to pavement through axles and
tyres.
■ Different configurations
– Single, dual, tandem
ESWL
2.3 Tons
Failure = 10,000,000
4.5 Repetitions
13.6 Tons Tons
Failure = Repetitions ?
11.3 Tons 2.3 Tons
RELATIVE DAMAGE CONCEPT
Equivalent
18000 - Ibs Damage per
Standard ESAL Pass = 1
(8.2 tons)
Axle Load
=
16.4 Tons 8.2 Tons
Axle Axle
Consider two single axles A and B where:
B-Axle = 4.1 tons
Damage caused per pass by B-Axle = (4.1/8.2)4 = 0.0625
This means that B-Axle causes only 0.0625 times damage
per pass as caused by 1 pass of standard 8.2 tons axle.
In other works, 16 passes (1/0.625) of B-Axle cause same
amount of damage as caused by 1 pass of standard 8.2 tons
axle i.e.,
=
4.1 Tons 8.2 Tons
Axle Axle
AXLE LOAD & RELATIVE DAMAGE
75.2
80
63.4
70
53.1
60
44.1
50
36.3
29.5
40
23.8
18.9
30
14.9
11.5
20
8.7
6.5
4.7
3.3
2.3
10
1.1
1.0
0
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
SINGLE AXLE LOAD (Tons)