TOPIC :OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION

OBJECTIVES
 Definition of the oxygen therapy
 Purpose of oxygen Admistration
 Indication for admistration of oxygen
 Administration of oxygen therapy
 Complication of oxygen therapy
 INTRODUCTION
• Oxygen administration is a medical intervention, which
can be for a variety of purposes in both chronic and acute
patient care
• Oxygen is often prescribed for people to prevent hypoxia
because of the following conditions:
1.difficulty ventilating all areas of their lungs
2.Impaired gas exchange
3.Heart failure
• Prescribed by the physician who specifies the following:
1.Concentration
2. liter per minute
3.Method of delivery
 DEFINITION
Oxygen therapy refers to supplemental oxygen given
to people who, largely due to breathing disorders,
aren’t able to get enough naturally.

Oxygen, a gas found in the air we breathe, is

necessary for human life. Some people with breathing
disorders can’t get enough oxygen naturally. They may
need supplemental oxygen, or oxygen therapy. People
who receive oxygen therapy often see improved
energy levels and sleep, and better quality of life.
 PURPOSE OF OXYGEN
ADMISTRATION
 Oxygen therapy is a key treatment in respiratory care.

 The purpose is to increase oxygen saturation in tissues

where the saturation levels are too low due to illness or
injury.

 Oxygen is required for the functioning and survival of

all body tissues and deprivation for more than a few
minutes is fatal.
 INDICATION
• Documented hypoxemia as evidenced by
– PaO2 < 60 mmHg or SaO2 < 90% on room air
– PaO2 or SaO2 below desirable range for a
specific clinical situation
• Acute care situations in which hypoxemia is
suspected
• Severe trauma
• Acute myocardial infarction
• Short term therapy (Post anaesthesia recovery)
 OXYGEN DELIVERY METHOD
SELECTED DEPENDS ON:

• age of the patient

• oxygen requirements/therapeutic goals
• patient tolerance to selected interface
• humidification needs
• Note: Oxygen therapy should not be delayed in
the treatment of life threatening hypoxia.
 OXYGEN SUPPLY DEVICE
1. Piped in wall outlets – at the client’s
bedside
2. Portable (Tanks or cylinders) – for
transporting oxygen dependent
clients, in home use;
Humidifier – add water vapor to inspired
air because Oxygen is a dry gas that
dehydrates respiratory mucous membrane
Prevents mucous membrane from drying
and becoming irritated
Loosens secretions for easier
expectoration
 OXYGEN SUPPLY DEVICE
Pressure regulator - used to control
the high pressure of oxygen delivered
from a cylinder (or other source) to a
lower pressure. This lower pressure is
then controlled by a flowmeter

Flowmetre– controls the lower

pressure which may be preset or
selectable, and this controls the
flow in a measure such as litres per
minute (lpm).
PULSE OXIMETER
METHOD OF OXYGEN
ADMISTRATION
 NASAL CANNULA
 It is a disposable.

 plastic devise with two protruding prongs for

insertion into the nostrils, connected to an
oxygen source.

 Used for low-medium concentrations of Oxygen

(24-44%).
NASAL CANNULA
 FACE MASK
 The simple Oxygen mask
 The partial rebreather mask:
 The non rebreather mask:
 The venturi mask:
 SIMPLE MASK
• Simple mask is made of clear, flexible , plastic
or rubber that can be molded to fit the face.
 THE PARTIAL REBREATHER MASK:
 The mask is have with a reservoir bag must
romaine inflated during both inspiration &
expiration
 It collection of the first parts of the patients'
exhaled air.
 It is used to deliver oxygen concentrations up
to 80%.
THE PARTIAL REBREATHER MASK
The oxygen flow rate must be
maintained at a minimum of 6 L/min to
ensure that the patient does not
rebreathe large amounts of exhaled air.
The remaining exhaled air exits
through vents.
 Venturi mask
 It is high flow concentration of oxygen.
 Oxygen from 40 - 50%
 At liters flow of 4 to 15 L/min.
T-PIECE
 Used on end of ET tube when weaning from
ventilator
 Provides accurate FIO2
 Provides good humidity
 ASSESSMENT
• PaO2 : 80 – 100 mm Hg : Normal
60 – 80 mm Hg : cold, clammy
extremities
< 60 mm Hg : cyanosis
< 40 mm Hg : mental deficiency
memory loss
< 30 mm Hg : bradycardia
cardiac arrest

PaO2 < 60 mm Hg is a strong indicator for oxygen

therapy
 ASSESSMENT FOR HYPOXIA
mild to moderate severe
CNS : restlessness somnolence, confusion
disorientation impaired judgement
lassitude loss of coordination
headache obtunded mental status
Cardiac : tachycardia bradycardia, arrhythmia
mild hypertension hypotension
peripheral vasoconst.
Respiratory: dyspnea increasing dyspnoea,
tachypnea tachypnoea, possible
shallow & bradypnoea
laboured breathing
Skin : paleness, cold, clammy cyanosis
 COMPLICATION OF OXYGEN
 Oxygen toxicity
 Depression of ventilation
 Retinopathy of Prematurity
 Absorption atelectasis
 Fire hazard
 EVALUATION
 Breathing pattern regular and at normal rate.
 pink color in nail beds, lips, conjunctiva of eyes.
 No confusion, disorientation, difficulty with
cognition.
 Arterial oxygen concentration or hemoglobin
 Oxygen saturation within normal limits.
 DOCUMENTATION
 Date and time oxygen started.
 Method of delivery.
 Oxygen concentration and flow rate.
 Patient observation.
 Add oronasal care to the nursing care plan
 KEY POINTS
• Oxygen therapy can be life saving therapy.
• Treat like any other drug.
• Be familiar with the principles of oxygen
delivery and different devices
 READ MORE
• FiO2: Fraction of inspired oxygen (%).
• PaCO2: The partial pressure of CO2 in the blood. It is
used to assess the adequacy of ventilation.
• PaO2: The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. It is
used to assess the adequacy of oxygenation.
• SaO2: Arterial oxygen saturation measured from blood
specimen.
• SpO2: Arterial oxygen saturation measured via pulse
oximetry.