Ch06 IntrotoProg Functions

Intro to Programming
& Algorithm Design

Functions
Assg
This presentation can be viewed on line in a file named:

1
ch06.IntrotoProg.Functions.ppt
Copyright 2003 by Janson Industries
Objectives
▀ Explain
■ What a function is
■ How to use and create
functions
■ IPO Charts
▀ Show how to implement and

use functions in Java
2
Function
▀ Per text: “Functions are methods/
modules that return a value”
▀ Just as with methods, the function
header defines the function's
■ Name
■ Expected values (arguments)
▀ The function header also defines
■ The returned value type (Real, String)
▀ And the body must contain
■ A Return statement
3
Function
▀ In pseudocode, function starts
with the word Function and ends
with End Function
Function String captureInput()

Declare String data
Display “Enter input”
Input data
Return data
End Function
4
Function
▀ A function's returned value can be
assigned to a variable
▀ Call a function just like a module:
■ Specify the function name
followed by parenthesis
Module main()
Declare String subtotal
subtotal = captureInput()
End Module
▀ Does captureInput accept any

data? 5
All Pseudocode
Module main()
Declare String subtotal
End Module
Function String captureInput()

Declare String data
Display “Enter input”
Input data
Return data
End Function 6
Function Calls Flowchart
main() captureInput()
Declare String Declare String

subtotal data
subtotal = Display “Enter input”

captureInput()
Display subtotal Input data
End Return data

7
Flowgorithm
Function name
The return value type
The variable/value to return

Then add function
statements
Flowgorithm

Flowgorithm
Finished function

Flowgorithm
When run

Function name
The value/variable to return

Functions
▀ Can also accept data
■ Just like modules
▀ Will create a function called

print() to:
■ Accept a String
■ Display the String
■ Return the String "Did it"
13
Functions
▀ main() will:
■ Call print() and pass the String
"Howdy"
■ Store the String passed back by
print in a variable called
returnedValue
■ Display the text "returnedValue
= " and the value of the variable
returnedValue
14
Pseudocode
Function String print(String stringVar)
Display stringVar
Return "Did it"
End Function
Module main()
Declare String returnedValue
returnedValue = print("Howdy")
Display "returnedValue = ", returnedValue
End Module
15
Flowgorithm Functions
Function name
Parameter type and

variable to hold value
Returned value data

type and value 16
Flowgorithm Functions
When run
print() displays
main() displays
17
Java
▀ Java very similar to pseudocode
Parameter type Variable name
Function name
The value/variable to return

Prewritten Functions
▀ Supplied with programming
language
▀ Example: System.out.println() the
println function is invoked in a
class called System
■ You can tell because () follows
the name
▀ This is an example of a function

that will accept a parameter
■ System.out.println("Stuff");
19
Why Create Functions
▀ Just as with methods, functions
cut down on duplicate code
▀ Make it easier for programmer
▀ For instance, System.out.println()
is a lot to type
▀ Will create a class called MyUtils
■ Create a function called p(String output)
■ Will be able to specify MyUtils.p()
instead of System.out.println() 20
Pre-Written functions
▀ MyUtils will act as a repository of
useful functions
■ So, no need for a main()
public class MyUtils {
public static int p(String output){

System.out.println(output);
return 1;
}
}
21
Pre-Written Functions
▀ Now any other class can use the
function p()
▀ In any java class, just specify
■ ClassName.functionName();
public class FunctionCall2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {

MyUtils.p(“Howdy”);
}
}
22
When FunctionCall2 is run, it invokes p in MyUtils
Must compile MyUtils before FunctionCall2
23
▀ Most languages come with many
to perform common functions
■ Mathematical functions
♦ Sine, cosine, square root, etc.
■ Generate a random number
■ Convert between data types
■ Displaying (println)
■ Exiting
■ Security
♦ Userid/PW, cryptography 24
▀ Advantage of prewritten functions
■ Don't have to create the function
yourself
■ Don't have to understand how it
works
♦ Called implementation hiding
■ You're sure they work
25
▀ Some examples
■ random(#,#) – returns a number
between the first (inclusive) and
second number (inclusive)
♦ random(1,6) returns a number
between 1 and 6
■ pow(#,#) – raises the first number to
the power of the second number
♦ pow(2,4) returns 16
■ round(#.#) – returns an integer
value for a real value
♦ round(3.49) returns 3
♦ round(3.5) returns 4 26
▀ Some examples
■ isInteger(String) – returns a Boolean
value based on whether the string
can be converted to an integer
♦ isInteger("6") returns a value of true
■ isReal(String) – returns a Boolean
value based on whether the string
can be converted to a Real
♦ isReal(“abc”) returns a value of false
27
▀ Converting data types
▀ With GUIs all data entered is String,
must convert to get numeric value
■ stringToInteger(String) – returns the
integer value of the string
♦ stringToInteger(“6”) returns the number 6
■ stringToReal(String)– returns the real
value of the string
♦ stringToReal(“2.14”) returns the number
2.14
28
▀ String functions
■ length(String) – returns the number of
characters in a string
♦ length(“hello”) returns the number 5
■ substring(String, 3, 5)– returns the
characters from position 3 to 5
♦ substring(“goodbye”, 3, 5) returns the
string “db”
■ contains(String, String)– returns
Boolean value of true or false based
on if the first string contains the
characters in the second string
♦ contains(“goodbye”, “oo”) returns the 29
Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries value true
▀ String functions – when use?
■ User must enter a new password of at
least 8 characters.
♦ While (length(password) < 8)
• Display "Please enter a password of at least
8 characters"
• Input password
♦ End While
■ User must enter a valid email address

♦ While (!(contains(eMailAddr, “@”))
• Display "Please enter a valid email address"
• Input eMailAddr
♦ End While
30
▀ String functions – when use?
■ Want to build a user id that consists
of first letter of FN, first letter of
Middle Name (MN), and the full last
name (LN)
♦ String userid = substring(FN, 0, 1) ,
substring(MN, 0, 1) , LN
■ Trim off a blank space
♦ If (substring(amount, length(amount) -1,
length(amount)) = " ") Then
• amount = substring(amount, 0,
length(amount) – 1)
♦ End If
31
Prewritten Functions Example
▀ Will enhance the captureInput
function to convert the data into a
numeric value
Module main()
Declare Real subtotal
Display "2 X " , subtotal, " = ", subtotal*2
End Module
32
Function Real captureInput()

Declare String data
Declare Real numberInput
Display “Enter a number”
Input data
numberInput = stringToReal(data)
Return numberInput
End Function
33
Prewritten Functions Flowgorithm
▀ Random(#) - returns a random
number between 0 and # - 1
■ Random(6) will return a 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
or 5
▀ Len(String) – returns the number

of characters in a String
■ Len("goodbye") will return 7
▀ Sqrt(#) – returns the square root

of a number
■ Sqrt(16) will return 4 34
Data Conversion - Flowgorithm
▀ ToInteger(String) and
ToReal(String) return a numeric
value for the String
▀ ToString(#) – returns a number

as a String
35
36
When run
37
Prewritten Functions Java
▀ Are in classes like Math, Integer,
Double, String
■ Math.pow(#,#) – raises the first
number to the power of the second
number
♦ Math.pow(2,4) returns 16
■ Math.round(#.#) – returns an integer
value for a real value
♦ Math.round(3.49) returns 3
♦ Math.round(3.5) returns 4
38
▀ Some examples
■ Math.random() – returns a number
between 0 and 1(exclusive)
♦ To get an int in a range, must multiply
the result by the max value & add one,
then change to an int (truncate)
• (int) (Math.random()*6) +1
■ Random class has nextInt(#) method

that returns a number from a range
0(inclusive) to #(exclusive)
♦ Random randNumGenerator = new
Random();
♦ randNumGenerator.nextInt(7)
• Returns integer value of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 39
▀ Converting data types
▀ With GUIs, all data entered is
String must convert to get
numeric value
■ Integer.valueOf("6")
■ Double.valueOf("2.14")
▀ There are no isReal or isInteger

functions in java
40
▀ String functions
■ Assuming:
♦ String testString = new String("Goodbye");
■ testString.length() - returns 7
■ testString.substring(3, 5) – returns the
string “db”
■ testString.contains("oo") – returns
Boolean value true
■ testString.contains("OO") – returns
Boolean value false
41
▀ How about creating a dice game
■ Ask user if they want to play
■ If yes, generate 2 random numbers
between 1 and 6 to represent the
user's and computer's dice roll
■ Print out numbers and message
saying who won (who got the higher
number) or if it was a tie
■ Ask the user if they want to play
again
42
▀ What's the algorithm?
Dice game algorithm
▀ Then the XD is created
43
▀ Then an additional requirement is
added to create a function called
getMessage
▀ getMessage will
■ Accept the two dice rolls
■ Generate the correct message
■ Return the message
44
▀ Dice game pseudocode
▀ Generate the Flowgorithm

flowchart
■ Random(6) returns a number
between 0 and 5
♦ So need to add 1 to returned number
to get values of 1 through 6
45
Dice Game Example
46
Dice Game Example
Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries 47

Dice Game Example When Run

Dice Game Example Java

Dice Game Example Java

Alternative Documentation
▀ IPO (Input Processing Output) Chart
■ Really a table with text (not a chart)
▀ Three columns
■ First column identifies input
■ Second column describes processing
■ Third column identifies output
51
IPO Example
▀ Function String getMessage(Integer
uRoll, Integer cRoll)
Input Processing Output
uRoll: Integer String msg msg
cRoll: Integer If (uRoll > cRoll) then msg = "You won"
If (cRoll > uRoll) then msg = "I won"
If (cRoll = uRoll) then msg = "It's a tie"
52
IPO Example
▀ getTotalWithTax(String zip, Real
total)
■ Calculates a Sales amount including
tax based on the zip code where the
transaction takes places
■ Reads file for the Sales tax
percentage (e.g. .065)
53
IPO Example Pseudocode
Function Real getTotalWithTax(String zip,
Real total)
Declare Real taxRate, useableTaxRate,
totalWithTax
taxRate = Read TaxFile for zip
useableTaxRate = taxRate + 1
totalWithTax = total * useableTaxRate
Return totalWithTax
End Function
54
IPO Example
▀ getTotalWithTax(String zip, Real
total)
Input Processing Output
zip: String Real useableTaxRate, totalWithTax, totalWithTax

total: Real totalWithTax
taxRate: Real Read taxRate from TaxFile for zip
useableTaxRate = taxRate + 1
totalWithTax = total * useableTaxRate
▀ Notice that taxRate considered

input even though not a function
argument/parameter 55
Points to Remember
▀ Functions are methods/modules
that return values
▀ Lots of prewritten functions that

provide commonly used logic
▀ IPO Charts are an alternative

design/documentation tool
56
Assignments
▀ Non-Graded
■ Chap 6 labs 6.1 - 6.5
▀ Graded
■ Chap 6 lab 6.6
57

Ch06 IntrotoProg Functions

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Ch06 IntrotoProg Functions

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Intro to Programming

& Algorithm Design

This presentation can be viewed on line in a file named:

▀ Show how to implement and

Function String captureInput()

▀ Does captureInput accept any

Function String captureInput()

Declare String Declare String

subtotal = Display “Enter input”

Display subtotal Input data

End Return data

The return value type

The variable/value to return

Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries

Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries

Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries

Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries

The value/variable to return

Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries

▀ Will create a function called

Parameter type and

Returned value data

The value/variable to return

Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries

▀ This is an example of a function

public class MyUtils {

public static int p(String output){

public static void main(String[] args) {

Must compile MyUtils before FunctionCall2

■ User must enter a valid email address

Function Real captureInput()

▀ Len(String) – returns the number

▀ Sqrt(#) – returns the square root

▀ ToString(#) – returns a number

■ Random class has nextInt(#) method

▀ There are no isReal or isInteger

▀ Then the XD is created

▀ Generate the Flowgorithm

Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries 47

Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries 48

Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries 49

Copyright 2016 by Janson Industries 50

zip: String Real useableTaxRate, totalWithTax, totalWithTax

▀ Notice that taxRate considered

▀ Lots of prewritten functions that

▀ IPO Charts are an alternative

Вам также может понравиться