Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : Ayila Subrahmanyam
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic, Kothagudem,
Khamman
Year/Semester : VI Semester
Subject : Environmental Engineering II
Subject Code : C 605
Topic : Solid Waste Disposal
Duration : 50 minutes
Sub Topic : Methods of Composting
Teaching aids : PPT, Photographs
Revised by : G.Appa Rao
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 OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period you would be able to

• Explain the methods of composting for disposal of

solid wastes

• List merits and demerits of methods of composting

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 RECAP

What are the various disposal methods of solid wastes ?

• Methods of disposal of solid wastes

• Solid wastes (refuse) should be properly disposed to avoid

unhygienic environment

• The methods adopted are :

• uncontrolled dumping

• sanitary landfill

• incineration
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METHODS OF DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTES CONTD ..

Composting

A) Banglore method

B) Indore method

• Reduction

• Grinding or pulverizing

• Salvaging

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 COMPOSTING
• It is the process of decomposing organic wastes through bio-
chemical process
• Wastes are converted in to harmless compounds called humus
with high fertilizing value
• There are two methods by which composting is done in
villages and small towns in our country. They are
– Banglore method
– Indore method

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 COMPOSTING
Advantages :
• It is systematic and scientific
• Problem of disposing of huge amount of dry refuse is
solved
• Availability of bio-fertilizer in turn has many
advantages
Disadvantages :
• In case of mechanical composting its initial cost is high
• The noncompostable wastes have to be disposed of
separately
• Use of compost not caught up with farmers and hence
no assured market
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 BANGALORE METHOD

• Anaerobic and simple method

• Non compostable matter (cans ,glass etc..) is separated

• Refuse and night soil with some water placed in long pits

• They are arranged in alternate layers 300 mm above ground level

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 BANGALORE METHOD

• In another method refuse + dung + night soil + water mixed as

mass and dumped in a pit

• Mass undergoes anaerobic decomposition due to active microbial

action

• At the end of 4 to 6 months the mass is converted into humus

• Effective in killing larvae of flies, pathogenic organisms

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 INDORE METHOD

• Aerobic method and modification of Banglore method

• Pit or trench is excavated and filled with refuse, dung and

night soil

• Top portion is not filled with soil

• Turning of mass carried at intervals of 5 to 7 days twice or

thrice by shovels or by mechanical equipment

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 INDORE METHOD

• During turning the mass is thoroughly exposed to air and

decomposes aerobically

• Pathogenic organisms and larvae of flies are destroyed due

to higher temperature inside

• Compost is converted to Humus in a period of 15 to 20 days

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 REDUCTION
• It is the process of producing grease and solid residue called

tankage from the garbage

• Tankage used in some fertilizers

• Grease used in manufacturing of glycerin, candles and soaps

• Dry solids used as fertilizers or supplement for cattle and poultry

feed

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 GRINDING OR PULVERIZING

• Garbage is mechanically reduced into fine powder by grinding

and is used as manure

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 SALVAGING
• It is the method of separating certain substances having market

value like

• Paper

• Glass

• Metals

• Plastics

• Rags etc..

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 SALVAGING

FIG.4 9C 605.41 14
 SUMMARY

We have discussed about :

• Different methods of composting

• Merits and demerits of methods of composting

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 QUIZ
1. The conversion of refuse and night soil into humus having

fertilizing value is called

a) composting

b) salvaging

c) reduction

d) grinding

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 QUIZ

2. Bangalore method of composting is

a) Anaerobic

b) Aerobic

c) Radio active

d) None of the above

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 Frequently answered questions

1. Explain Bangalore and Indore method of composting

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