Lte Random Access 65

Random Access Special Topic
ZTE University
Objectives
 After the course,you will:
 Know the details of channel and channel mapping
 Understand UE power on procedure
 Master UE random access procedure
 Master UE initial attach procedure
Contents
 LTE channel introduction and channel
mapping
 UE power on procedure
 UE random access procedure
 Random access special scenarios application
 UE attach signaling flow
LTE physical channel introduction
 LTE downlink physical channel

 Broadcast channel ： PBCH
 Control channel ： PCFICH ， PHICH ， PDCCH
 Service channel ： PDSCH
 MBMS channel ： PMCH
 LTE uplink physical channel

 Control channel ： PUCCH
 Service channel ： PUSCH
 Random access channel ： PRACH
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Downlink physical channel
 PBCH ( Physical Broadcast Channel )
 BCCH includes MIB and SIB ， MIB is mapping on PBCH,SIB is mapping on
PDSCH.
 PBCH is in the first 4 OFDM symbols of subframe 0 1 time slot on time
domain, and 6 central RBs on frequecydomain,modulation is QPSK.
 MIB includes downlink system bandwidth, system frame number (SFN), PHICH
duration.

 Control Channel ： PCFICH

 PCFICH : Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
 PCFICH are transmitted in each sub-frame, informing UE of the OFDM
symbols that PDCCH occupies in a sub-frame. The OFDM symbols are
indicated by CFI which can be valued as 1, 2, 3, 4 (4 is reserved).
 Modulation is QPSK 。
 PCFICH is mapped to the four resource-element groups in the first OFDM
symbol in a downlink subframe.

 Control channel: PHICH

 PHICH: Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel
 Send NAK/ACK responding information for the PHICH ， modulation is BPSK.
 Multiple PHICH can be sent in a group at the same time.

1 PHICH group=8 PHICHs (normal cp)

1 PHICH group=4 PHICHs (extend cp)
ACK/NACK Repetition Layer OFDM

Modulation Precoding RE mapping
(RF=3) Mapping modulation
Spreading &
scrambling

 Control channel: PDCCH

 PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel
 PDCCH sends scheduling information, transmission format, resource
allocation, uplink scheduling permission, power control and uplink-
transmission-related ACK/NACK.
 PDCCH is mapped to the first n (n<=4) OFDM symbols in each sub-frame.
The value of n is indicated by CFI in the PCFICH channel.
 PDCCH supports 4 types of physical-layer formats which occupy one, two,
four, and eight CCEs respectively.

 Service Channel: PDSCH

 PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel
 PDSCH Bears service data, L3 signaling message, paging and SIB information.
 Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.

 MBMS Channel: PMCH

 Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
 If MBMS is support, MBMS sends cell MBMS broadcast information.
 Modulation:QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 。

Downlink channel mapping
BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH
Logical
channel
Transmission
BCH PCH DL-SCH MCH channel
Physical channel
PBCH PDSCH PDCCH PMCH

Uplink physical channel
 Control Channel ： PUCCH

 PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel
 PUCCH periodically feed back different CQI, PMI, RI, HARQ-ACK 、 SR.
 For the same UE, PUCCH does not transmit with PUSCH.
 PUCCH format:
PUCCH format Content Modylation Size

1 SR N/A N/A
1a ACK/NACK BPSK 1
1b ACK/NACK QPSK 2
2 CQI QPSK 20
2a CQI+ACK/NACK QPSK+BPSK 21
2b CQI+ACK/NACK QPSK+BPSK 22

 Service Channel: PUSCH

 PUSCH : Physical Uplink Shared Channel
 PUSCH Bears service data, L3 signaling message
 Modulation: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM.
 Localized resource allocation for PUSCH, consecutive RBs are allocated to
user’s PUSCH.

 PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel

 During the random access procedure, UE send preamble on PRACH.
 PRACH occupies 6 RBs on frequency domain.
 PRACH time domain structure ：

Preamble: CP + Sequence

There is a guarding interval behind Preamble.

 PRACH
 Preamble generated by the Zadoff-Chu sequence in zero-related region.
un ( n 1)
j
xu  n   e N ZC
, 0  n  N ZC  1
 5 different preamble format:

 PRACH time damain format

 PRACH
 Format0~3 frequency domain location

Subcarrier interval is 1.25KHz, 1/12 of normal subcarrier bandwidth.

1 PRACH include 864 subcarrier (6×12×12=864).

The length of preamble sequences is 839, mapped on the central 839 subcarrirs.

 PRACH
 Format4 frequency domain location

Subcarrier interval 7.5KHz , half of normal subcarrier bandwidth.

1 PRACH include 144 subcarrier (6×12×2=144) .

The length of preamble sequences is 139, mapped on the central 139 subcarrirs.

Uplink channel mapping
CCCH DCCH DTCH

Logical channel
Transmission channel
RACH UL-SCH
Physical channel
PRACH PUCCH PUSCH

Physical layer signals
 Downlink Physical Signal

 Reference Signal

Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS)

MBSFN Reference Signal

UE-Specific RS/Dedicate RS(DRS)
 Synchronization Signal

PSS : Primary Synchronization signal

SSS : Secondary Synchronization signal
 Uplink Physical Signal

 Demodulation RS(DMRS)
 Sounding RS(SRS)

Downlink physical layer signals
 Function of downlink reference signal

 Downlink channel quality measurement
 Downlink channel estimate, for UE to demodulate data
 Downlink synchronization
 Function of cell-specific reference signal

 Cell-specific reference signals shall be transmitted in all downlink subframes
in a cell supporting PDSCH transmission.
 Cell-specific reference signals are transmitted on one or several of antenna
ports 0 to 3.
 Cell-specific reference signals are defined for subcarrier interval is 15kHz only.

Downlink physical layer signal
 Cell-Specific Reference Signal

 The RS location has the relation with PCI, antenna port number, OFDM
symbol sequence, slot number, CP mode,etc.
Normal CP ， Cell ID=0 Extend CP ， Cell ID=0

时时
Downlink physical layer signal
 MBSFN Reference Signal
 Transmitted only when the PMCH is transmitted. MBSFN
reference signals are transmitted on antenna port 4.
 Defined for extended cyclic prefix only.
Extended CP
Extended CP Δf=15kHz Δf=7.5kHz
Downlink physical layer signals
 UE-Specific Reference Signal

 Send to a dedicated user, the eNodeB will indicate sending this signal or not,
and indicate UE to demodulate use the signal or not.
 Only transmitted on the RBs bearing PDSCH, using the antenna port 5.
Normal CP 15kHz
Extend CP 15kHz
Downlink synchronization signals
 LTE Synchronization Signal

 PSS : Primary Synchronization Signal
 SSS : Secondary Synchronization Signal
 Function of Synchronization Signal

 Get Physical Cell ID

Dectect SSS to get PCI group number(0-167)

Dectect PSS to get ID in group(0-2)

PCI=3*group number+ID in group
 Downlink synchronization

PSS: 5ms synchronization

SSS: 10ms synchronization
 Identify it is a FDD or TDD system and CP mode.

 SCH includes P_SCH and S_SCH. The frequency-domain is located

in the 72 subcarriers near direct current. Only 62 subcarriers are
actually occupied. Other 10 subcarriers do not hold x 5  x 2  1
synchronization sequences.
 There are two same P-SCHs in a wireless frame. Their time-
domain is located in the last symbol of the slot no.0 and the last
symbol of the slot no. 10.
 There are also two S-SCHs in a wireless frame. But their
synchronization symbols are different. The time-domain is
located in the last symbol but one of the slot no.0, and the last
symbol but one of the slot no. 10.

FS1, Normal CP
FS2, Extend CP

Uplink physical layer signal
 DMRS( for PUSCH)
 Generated by Zad-off Chu
seqence,maping on RE without any
proceess.
 Transmitted on 4th OFDM symbol of
each slot, the bandwidth of DMRS is
same with PRB for PUSCH.
Normal CP
 Differerent users’ DMRS sequence
will have different cyclic shift.

Uplink physical layer signal
 Sounding RS: SRS

 Used for uplink channel quality estimate and selection, uplink scheduling.
 Location: last SC-FDMA symbol of uplink subframe which configured to send
SRS, for UpPTS all the symbols can be used to transmit SRS.
 SRS sub-frame configuration: UE read the broadcast information to get which
subframe will send SRS.
 Duration: eNodeB will notice UE to send SRS once or all the time.
 Period: eNodeB will notice SRS transmiting period, it can support 2 、 5 、 10
、 20 、 40 、 80 、 160ms

FDD Downlink Channel Location

FDD Downlink Channel Location

TDD Downlink Channel Location

Contents
 LTE channel introduction and channel mapping
LTE Physical Layer Procedure: Synchronization
Downlink initial synchronization: Downlink synchronization holding:
 UE searches cell, detects the PSS  After cell search, UE measures
and SSS to get the downlink the downlink signal arrival time
initial synchronization. periodically, adjusts the downlink
initial synchronization.
Uplink initial synchronization: Uplink synchronization holding:

 UE sends preamble on PRACH  eNodeB detects the uplink
 eNodeB detects preamble, sends reference signal, generates the
timing adjustment to UE. time adjustment send to UE.
 UE adjusts the sending time  UE receives TA information and
according to the timing adjusts the uplink sending time
adjustment. to hold uplink synchronization.

UE Power on Procedure

 PLMN selection and cell selection

 P-SCH 、 S-SCH and PBCH has the same width and position for all system
bandwidth options. So UE can do the cell search without kowning the system
bandwith.

 PLMN selection and cell selection
Manual Mode Automatic mode

PLMN Selection
Indication to user
PLMN PLMNs
Location available
selected
Registration
response NAS Control
Cell Selection
and Reselection
Radio measurements
Registration
Area
changes
Service requests Location
Registration

 PLMN selection
 UE scan the whole channel in the band according to its frequecy capability to
find a available PLMN. UE will search the cell with the strongest signal, and
then read the cell broadcast information to get the PLMN. If UE read one or
more than PLMN in one cell, UE will report all the PLMN as the high quality
PLMN whose signal strength satisfy a dedicated threshold to the NAS layer. If
UE can read PLMN ID, but the signal strength doesn’t satisfy a dedicated
threshold, UE also will report PLMN to NAS layer with the measurment value.
 PLMN selection result is given by NAS layer.
 After selecting PLMN, UE will select serving cell.

 Cell search purpose

 Detect the Physical Cell-ID
 Get the downlink time and frequency synchronization
 Detect CP format ： normal or extended format
 Detect eNodeB antenna port number
 Read PBCH (Master Information Block)

Get system bandwidth, system frame number (SFN), PHICH duration

 Cell search type: Initial and Stored Information Cell Selection

 Initial Cell Selection: According to its capability, UE scan the whole channel in
the band and find the best serving cell on each carrier, if UE find, it wil select
the cell as the serving cell.
 Stored Information Cell Selection: UE select the cell according to the pre-
stored cell frequency information.If UE finds a proper cell, it will select this
one as the serving cell, or UE will initiate Initial Cell Selection.

 Cell search

UE read the broadcast information

Contents
UE Random Access Procedure
 Random access characteristic

 Exists in both TD-LTE and FDD-LTE.
 No relation with the scale of cell.
 Divided into competitive and non- competitive random access.
 purpose of random access

 During attach procedure
 UE status changed from idle to connected.
 During handover procedure
 Get/ recover uplink synchronization
 Request UE ID from eNodeB
 Request uplink resoure from eNodeB

 Random access process can be used in the following situations:

 Access at RRC_IDLE status
 Access when the wireless link fault occurs
 Access in changeover
 Access at RRC_Connected status

When there are downlink data (eg. The uplink is at non-synchronization status.)

When there are uplink data (eg. The uplink is at non-synchronization status or no
PUCCH resource can be used for scheduling request.)

 Random access categories:

 Random access based on competitiveness

Used in the five mentioned situations

UE selects a preamble sequence randomly in the available preamble set in a
competitive way.

Possible collision: two UEs use the same preamble sequence.

Perform the synchronization process through four steps. The fourth step is used to
solve the collision.
 Random access based on non-competitiveness

In handover or when the downlink data arrives

The eNB allocates a preamble sequence.

Perform the synchronization through three steps without solving the collision.

 Preamble categories:
 Preamble ID number ： depend on configuration,maxmum 64 （ 0~63 ）
 Preamble A: 0~59
 Preamble B: 4~59
 Dedicated Preamble(remaining ID)
PRACH frequency domain location ：

0  n PRBoffset
RA
 N RB
UL
6


First RB Number is congiured by L3 on OMC.

 Random Access Based on Competitiveness

 MSG1 ： send preamble sequence on PRACH

 According to root sequence number, cyclic shift and preamble formats , UE
generates the preamble sequence.
 Select preamble in group A/B randomly according to the MSG3 size and
pathloss information, then send the preamble on PRACH.
 According to the target PRACH received power, preamble formats in BCCH
and transmitting counter, UE caculates the PRACH initial emission power.
 eNB ： according to the received preamble measurement, estimates the
distance between UE and eNB,generates the timing ajdustment.

 MSG2 ： Random Access Response

 eNB Send RAR on the PDSCH, the location is indicated by PDCCH and No
HARQ.
 MSG2 content:

Preamble indication

Timing adjustment information

Temporary C-RNTI

Msg3 resource allocation information
 UE detects RA response in a time window after sending MSG1. If UE fails to
receive the RA respondence in a time window, this RA process is terminated,
otherwise it goes to step3.

 MSG3
 According to MSG2 TPC indication, estimate pathloss and RB number
forPUSCH, UE cacaulates the MSG3 transmitting power. It’s open loop
power control.
 According to random access response, UE send MSG3 on dedicated resource.
MSG3 needs HARQ.
 MSG3 content:

In attach ： send RRC Connection Request on CCCH, include NAS UE ID and
establishment cause, but no NAS signaling message.

In RRC Connection Re-establishment: Send RRCConnection
ReestablishmentRequest on CCCH no NAS message

In handover ： send Handover Confirm on DCCH with UE C-RNTI.

Other (uplink or downlink arrives):send UE C-RNTI.

 MSG4 ： contention resolution

 Collision detect: eNB sends contention resolution ID ( UE NAS ID ) on PDSCH
or send C-RNTI on PDCCH to UE.
 With HARQ
 MSG4 content:

UE NAS ID

Resource allocation information
 UE ：

If UE finds its own NAS-layer ID is sending, UE sends ACK and temporary C-RNTI
becomes C-RNTI.Uplink synchronization finish.UE waits for being schedulled and
send data on uplink.

If UE fails to detect NAS ID, there is a collision, UE waits a random time and do
random access again.

 Random Access Based on Non-Competitiveness

 Random Access Based on Non-
Competitiveness
 1) eNB send non-contention Random
Access Preamble to UE,and this
preamble is not broadcasted in the
Broadcast information channel.

 Random Access Based on Non-Competitiveness

 2)UE send dedicated preamble on RACH.
 3) eNB generates the RAR on MAC layer, and send the RAR in DL-
SCH,random access success.

Contents
Random Access Based on Non-Competitiveness:
Scenario 4
 eNB MSG0
 Send Msg0 on PDCCH ； UE Msg0: Dedicated eNB
Preamble ID
 Include Dedicated Preamble and Mask Index 0
Mask Index ； Msg1: preamble
1
 With HARQ ；
 Initiated reason ： Min delay
2ms

UE is out of synchronization on Msg2: RA response on
PDSCH 2
uplink,

Downlink data coming
Delay about
Timer
 No need to allocateC-Rnti in Msg25ms Msg3: connection requirement,
3 ect
 UE
 UE is Out of synchronization and
monitoring to receive PDCCH order;
 Send Msg1 with dedicated preamble
 Msg3 is not useful ， if there is data
,sending data , or sendingPadding 。

Random Access Based on Non-Competitiveness:
Scenario 4 （ UE leave ）
 eNB  send MSG0 on PDCCH eNB
UE
 Msg0 is send on PDCCH ；
Out of Sync
 Include Dedicated Preamble and
Msg0: Dedicated Timer
Mask Index ； Preamble ID
 With HARQ ；
Mask Index 0
Msg1:
 Initiated reason ： 1 preamble

UE is out of synchronization on
uplink, Min delay
2ms

Start timer and timer is time out. Msg2: RA response on
PDSCH 2
 purpose ： suspecting UE leaving, so
Timer
release connection to avoid UE Delay about
process hanging 5ms Msg3: connection
3 requirement, ect
 No need to allocateC-Rnti in Msg2
 UE
 UE hardware problem or power off,
not camping in the network.

Random Access Based on Non-
Competitiveness : Scenario 3
UE
S-eNB T-eNB
 eNB  send MSG0 on PDCCH
Measure Report
 Msg0 is send on PDCCH
Dedicated Preamble
 Include Dedicated Preamble and Mask Index
Msg0: Dedicated
Mask Index Preamble ID
Mask Index
 With HARQ 0
 Initiated reason ： 1

Source eNB apply dedicated
Msg1: preamble
preamble from target eNB and then Min delay
2ms
send preamble to UE. Msg2: RA response on PDSCH
2
 UE
 Monitor to receive PDCCH order. Delay about
5ms
 Send Msg1 with dedicated preamble Msg3: connection requirement, ect

Random Access Based on Competitiveness:
Scenario 5
 eNB  No need MSG4
 Send Temporary C-Rnti in RAR.
 MAC identifying Msg3 is for UE re- UE eNB
synchronization ；
1 Msg1:
preamble
 MAC notice L3 that UE re-
synchronization success. min delay
2ms
 L3 send RRC Connection Msg2: RA response on
PDSCH 2
Reconfiguration to re-setup
connection. Delay about
5ms
 UE Msg3: connection requirement,
3 ect
 Uplink data coming but uplink is at
non synchronization.
 Send RA request
 Include C-Rnti in Msg3,and
scrambling MSG3 by Temporary C-
Rnti.

Contents
UE attach
 Attach flow

UE attach
 NAS connection setup
Rrcconection setup
S1connection setup

UE attach
 Attach/dettach signaling flow

Lte Random Access 65

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Random Access Special Topic

 LTE downlink physical channel

 LTE uplink physical channel

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Control Channel ： PCFICH

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Control channel: PHICH

ACK/NACK Repetition Layer OFDM

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Control channel: PDCCH

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Service Channel: PDSCH

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 MBMS Channel: PMCH

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Control Channel ： PUCCH

PUCCH format Content Modylation Size

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Service Channel: PUSCH

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

CCCH DCCH DTCH

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 Downlink Physical Signal

 Uplink Physical Signal

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 Function of downlink reference signal

 Function of cell-specific reference signal

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Cell-Specific Reference Signal

Normal CP ， Cell ID=0 Extend CP ， Cell ID=0

 UE-Specific Reference Signal

 LTE Synchronization Signal

 Function of Synchronization Signal

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 SCH includes P_SCH and S_SCH. The frequency-domain is located

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Sounding RS: SRS

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

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© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Uplink initial synchronization: Uplink synchronization holding:

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 PLMN selection and cell selection

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 PLMN selection and cell selection

Manual Mode Automatic mode

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Cell search purpose

© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 Cell search type: Initial and Stored Information Cell Selection