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Workshop on Research Methodology

Topic Subtopic No. of


sessions
Topic 1: Introduction to 1. Definition 1
Research Methodology 2. Scope
3. Limitations
4. Types
5. Research Process and Design
Topic 2: Scaling 1. Types and Scales 2
Techniques 2. Common examples
3. Rating and Ranking
Topic 3: Data Collection 1. Primary and Secondary data 3
2. Questionnaire Designing
3. Sampling:
(i) Definition
(ii) Simple Random Sampling, Stratified Random
Sampling
(iii) Cluster
(iv) Determinants of Sample size
4. Interviewing
Topic 4: Tabulation, 1. Basic Statistical Computation (mean, standard 2
Coding, Editing deviation, frequency distribution)
(Through Excel), 2. Charts and Graphs (Scatter diagram, Pie chart,
Interpretation and Histogram, Bar Chart)
report writing
Ch 1: Introduction to Research
Methodology
Objectives
By the end of the module, students should:
 gain in-depth understanding
 become aware of the nature and scope of research in
business and management,
 effectively organise, structure and manage a
research project.
 develop a research proposal for academic or
organisational area
Introduction to Research
 What is research?

 Research is the scientific process of


finding solutions to a problem after a
thorough study and analysis of the
situational factors.
Types of Research
 On the basis of the fundamental
objectives of the research, we can classify
research into two types:
 (a) Exploratory research
 (b) Conclusive research
(a) Exploratory Research
 Take a research topic:
 The literature survey,
 Is it well defined research topic?
 Many times a decision maker is struggling with broad and
poorly defined problems. If we attempt to secure better
definitions by analytic thinking, it may be the wrong
approach or may even be counter productive in the sense that
this approach may lead to a definitive answer to the wrong
question
 Exploratory research pursues several, possibilities
simultaneously and in a sense it is not quite sure of its
objective.
(b) Conclusive Research
 Exploratory research gives rise to several
hypotheses, which we will have to be tested
for drawing definite conclusions. These
conclusions when tested for validity set the
structure for our decision-making.
 Conclusive research is used for this purpose
of testing the hypotheses generated by
exploratory research.
What is business research?
 It refers to a systematic and objective
process of gathering, recording and
analyzing data that provides to guide
business decision making.
Why is it important for managers to know
about research?

 Solve problems
 Decision making tool
 Competition
 Risk
 Investment
 Hire researchers and consultants more
effectively
Application
 Understand the market trends
 Find the optimal marketing mix
 Devise effective HR policies
 Find the best investment options
Scope/Role of Research Methodology
 Through research, an executive can quickly get
a synopsis of the current scenario. Following
are the major areas in which research plays a
key role in making effective decisions.
 Marketing,
 Production,
 Human Resource Development,
 Government and Economic System, and
 Social Relationships
Structure of Research
Begin with broad Question
 The researcher could be interested in
how to use computers to improve the
performance of students in mathematics.
But this initial interest is far too broad to
study in any single research project (it
might not even be addressable in a
lifetime of research)
Narrow the question down to one
 This might involve formulating a hypothesis
or a focus question.
 For instance, the researcher might
hypothesize that a particular method of
computer instruction in math will improve
the ability of elementary school students in
a specific district.
Observation
 At the narrowest point of the research
hourglass, the researcher is engaged in
direct measurement or observation of the
question of interest.
Analyzing
 Once the basic data is collected, the
researcher begins to try to understand it,
usually by analyzing it in a variety of
ways
Conclusions
 Even for a single hypothesis there are a
number of analyses a researcher might
typically conduct.
 At this point, the researcher begins to
formulate some initial conclusions about
what happened as a result of the
computerized math program
Generalize back to questions
 Finally, the researcher often will attempt to
address the original broad question of interest
by generalizing from the results of this
specific study to other related situations.
 For instance, on the basis of strong results
indicating that the math program had a
positive effect on student performance, the
researcher might conclude that other school
districts similar to the one in the study might
expect similar results.
Certain activities on HRD
 You must be Aware that The Human Resource
Development department uses research to study
wage rates, incentive schemes, cost of living,
employee turnover rates, employment trends, and
performance appraisal. It also uses research
effectively for its most important activity namely
manpower planning.
 Now Let us do a Certain Activity
 List out the uses of research in the field of
 Hospital Management
Thanks

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