■ Essential Question:

–What impact did the spread of

communism into Asia impact the
Cold War?

■ Warm Up Question:
The Cold War was a conflict Early in the Cold War
of rival ideologies between from 1945 to 1949,
the USA & USSR that lasted the focus of the
from 1945 to 1991 conflict was on Europe

The United
States used
the Truman
Doctrine,
Marshall Plan,
& NATO to
successfully
contain
communism
in Europe
Beginning in 1949, however, containment
seemed to fail as communism spread to
China, Korea, & Vietnam in Asia
For almost 2,000
years, China was
the world’s
most dominant
empire because
of trade along
the silk road &
the power of the
ruling dynasties
 In the 1600 &
1700s, European
nations became
powerful, began
exploring, &
claiming colonies
The Industrial
Revolution in the
1700s & 1800s
made Europe the
center of power
in the world
 Europeans used
imperialism to
control Africa & Asia
Britain used the
Opium Wars to claim
trade rights in China
By 1900, China was
weak & divided into
spheres of influence
A group of reformers
called nationalists
called for changes
In 1912, Sun Yat-sen
ended the Chinese
dynastic system &
created a democracy
called the
Republic of China
 But, the republic
did not modernize China
& led to an era of chaos
In the 1920s, nationalist
leader Chiang Kai-shek
took over & ran China
as a dictatorship
Meanwhile, communism
was growing in China
under the leadership of
Mao Zedong
Mao’ s Communist Party
gained popularity among
poor peasants by offering
to redistribute land from
wealthy warlords
 From 1930 to 1949, Nationalists & Communists
fought in a bloody civil war for control of China

When WWII began,

Chiang & Mao agreed to
a truce from 1937 to 1945
After WWII, Communists
gained support & began
to win control of China
In 1949, the Communists won the Civil War &
Mao created the Peoples’ Republic of China

Chiang’s gov’t
fled China &
set up in Taiwan
The USA was
shocked when
China fell to
communism &
only recognized
the Nationalists as
the gov’t of China
The three “revolutionary” Communists
Karl Marx Vladimir Lenin Mao Zedong
 Based upon this propaganda poster,
what changes will Mao propose for China?
 Mao was determined to reshape China’s
economy based on Marxist socialism
He seized land from Mao followed Stalin’s example
the rich & divided by creating collective farms
the land among the & a Five Year Plan to improve
poor peasants Chinese industry
 Based upon this
propaganda poster,
what two things
will Mao’s
“Great Leap Forward”
focus on?
 In 1958, Mao began a
massive program to
create agriculture &
industry called the
“Great Leap Forward”
Millions of Chinese
citizens were sent to
work on large collective
farms to grow food
Other citizens were
required to work on
massive industrial
projects like making
iron & steel or building
dams & railroads
Image of a “People’s Commune” “Backyard furnaces” to make iron
“Struggle hard for 3 years. Change the face of China.
Catch up with Britain & America.” --Mao, 1958
 Mao’s Great Leap
Forward started well…
…but, the it required forced labor & led to lots
of suffering by millions of Chinese citizens
The Great Leap Forward was a failure & led severe
food shortages, famine, & poor quality industry
Mao ended the Great Leap Forward after three years

Chinese peasants
 Based upon this
image, what was
purpose of Mao’s
“Cultural Revolution”?
 After the failure of the Great Leap Forward,
Mao began the Cultural Revolution (1966 -1976)
The goal of the Cultural
Revolution was to
emphasize Mao’s strict
socialist ideas & attack
traditional Chinese ideas
Mao distributed to all
Chinese citizens the
“Little Red Book,”
a book of his quotes
that reinforced what
was acceptable for
Chinese communists
 After the failure of the Great Leap Forward,
Mao began the Cultural Revolution (1966 -1976)

Mao targeted young

people & many joined
the Red Guards, a group
to protected the culture
of the revolution
Red Guards closed
schools & universities;
burned books; &
humiliated, beat, killed
people who opposed
Mao’s ideas
 Parades united citizens

The Cultural Revolution

unified the Chinese
people but also led to
the deaths or
imprisonment of
thousands of citizens Executing teachers, politicians, critics
In 1976, Mao Zedong Even without Mao,
died & was followed China remains a
by more moderate Communist nation
Communist officials today
 Closure Activity
■ Read each of the quotations provided
and match the quote with the
appropriate historical event:
–Fall of Dynastic China
–Communist Revolution
–Great Leap Forward
–Cultural Revolution
 Quote #1

•Fall of Dynastic China

•Communist Revolution
•Great Leap Forward
•Cultural Revolution
 Quote #2

•Fall of Dynastic China

•Communist Revolution
•Great Leap Forward
•Cultural Revolution
 Quote #3

•Fall of Dynastic China

•Communist Revolution
•Great Leap Forward
•Cultural Revolution
 Quote #4

•Fall of Dynastic China

•Communist Revolution
•Great Leap Forward
•Cultural Revolution
 Quote #5

•Fall of Dynastic China

•Communist Revolution
•Great Leap Forward
•Cultural Revolution
 Quote #6

•Fall of Dynastic China

•Communist Revolution
•Great Leap Forward
•Cultural Revolution
■ Essential Question:
–What impact did the spread of
communism into Asia impact the
Cold War?

■ CPWH Agenda for Unit 13.2:

–Clicker preview questions
–“Cold War in Asia” notes
–Today’s HW: 33.3
–Unit 13 Test: Tuesday, May 3
 The fall of China to communism had a major
impact on the Cold War between the USA & USSR
The U.S. response to
the fall of China was
to more aggressively
confront communism
the world
The USA was afraid of
a “domino theory” in
which communist
nations turn their
neighbors communist
As a result, the USA
vowed to contain the
spread of communism
anywhere in the world
The USA acted when communism threatened Korea
 In 1950, North Korea During World War II,
(using Soviet supplied Korea was liberated
weapons) crossed the 38° from Japanese control
& attacked South Korea by the U.S. army in the
When South Korea South & the Soviet
appealed to the United army in the North
Nations, the USA sent
troops to Korea to
But, whencommunism
contain the USA pushed
too close to China, the After WWII, Korea
Chinese Army entered the was divided along the
war & helped North Korea 38° with a communist
gov’t in North Korea
& a democracy in
South Korea
 The USA successfully
stopped communism
from spreading into
South Korea & showed
that it was willing to fight
to contain communism

Today, Korea remains

divided between a
communist North & a
democratic South

After 3 years of fighting, a ceasefire was agreed to in

1953, the fighting stopped, & the 38° was restored
as the boundary between North & South Koreas
 The fighting in Korea These “neutral” countries
While Korea
convinced manywas a success,during
nations the ColdtheWar
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to escalate in the
not choose 1950s & 1960s
a side were asknown
communism
as the
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