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dt
Combine NA0
dX A
dt
k C A 02 1 X A V
2
1 XA
t
kC A0 1 X A
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-3
X
1 2t kCA0 1 4t kCA0
In terms of conversion?
2t kCA0
Eq is for a 2nd
order
liquid irreversible rxn In terms of XA as a
X
1 2Da 1 4Da
Da kC A0t function of Da? 2Da
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-7
1st order irreversible liquid-phase rxn run in n CSTRs with identical V, t and k
CA0
For n identical CSTRs, then: CAn
1 t k n
Rate of disappearance of A in the nth reactor:
CA0
rAn kCAn k
1 t k n
How is conversion related to the # of CSTRs in series?
Put CAn in terms of XA CA0 1
CA0 1 X A 1 XA
(XA at the last CSTR):
1 t k n 1 t k n
1 1st order irreversible liquid phase
1
1 XA or 1 XA
1 t k n
1 Da n rxn run in n CSTRs with identical
V, t and k
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-8
Be able to do these 4 steps,
Mole balance
dV FA0
Combine
dV FA0
FA0 XA
dX A V XA
FA0
dV V
k CA0 2
0 1 XA 2
0 2 1 X
k CA0 A
See Appendix A for integrals
frequently used in reactor design
Liquid-phase 2nd order reaction in PFR
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-10
dX A r 'A
& solve for V for ANY ORDER RXN
Mole balance
dW FA0
Combine
dW FA0
FA0 XA dX A W XA
FA0
dW 2 1 X
W
k C A0 2
0 1 X A 2 0
k CA0 A
Liquid-phase 2nd order reaction in PBR
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-11
FA0 FA
C j0 jCA0 XA P T0 Z0 C j0 jCA0 XA
GAS PHASE: C j Cj
1 XA P0 T Z 1 XA
1 1 1
Stoichiometry for basis species A:
CA0 CA0 XA CA0 1 XA
CA CA
1 XA 1 XA
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-12
dX A k C A0 1 X A
2 2
Combine
dV 1 X 2 F A A0
V
FA0 XA
1 XA dX
2
A Integral A-7 in appendix
k CA0 0
2
1 XA 2
Effect of on and XA
NTf NT0 Change in total # moles at X A 1
NT0 total moles fed
: expansion factor, the fraction of change in V per mol A reacted
0: volumetric flow rate
varies if gas phase & moles product ≠ 1 X Z T P0
0 A
moles reactant, or if a DP, DT, or DZ occurs 0 T0 P
Z
No DP, DT, or DZ occurs, but moles product ≠ moles reactant →
0 1 X A
• = 0 (mol product = mol reactants): 0: constant volumetric flow rate as XA
increases
• < 0 (mol product < mol reactants): < 0 volumetric flow rate decreases as
XA increases
• Longer residence time than when 0
• Higher conversion per volume of reactor (weight of catalyst) than if 0
• > 0 (mol product > mol reactants): > 0 with increasing XA
• Shorter residence time than when 0
• Lower conversion per volume of reactor (weight of catalyst) than if 0
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-14
Combine dX A
k C A02 1 XA 2 P 2
dW FA0 1 X A 2
P0
This eq. is solved simultaneously
A0 A
2 2
with an eq. that describes how the dX A kC 1 X P
pressure drops as the reactant dW 0 1 X A 2 P0
moves down the reactor
Function of XA and pressure We need to relate P/P0 to W
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-16
dy T
Differential form of Ergun equation 1 XA
for pressure drop in PBR: dW 2y T0
P NTf NT0 20
y y A0
P0 NT0 A c c 1 P0
volume of solid
1 : fraction of solid in bed =
total bed volume
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-17
dX A kC A0 1 X A P
2 2
Combine with rate law
and stoichiometry dW 0 1 X 2 P0
A
Relate P/P0 to W dP T P0
1 XA
dW 2 T0 P P0
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-18
dy T dy
1 XA Evaluate
dW 2y T0 0 dW 2y
1 1
To pressure change
P
y
P0 W
2 P P0
2ydy dW 2ydy dW y W
P
1
1 0
P0
From no pressure change
2
P
P
1 W Only for isothermal
1 W
P0 rxn where =0
P0
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-19
Plug into PBR dX A dX A 2
design eq: FA0 2
kCA FA 0 k CA0 1 X A 1 W
dW dW
Simplify, integrate, and solve for XA in terms of W or W in terms of XA:
FA0 XA dX A W
1 W dW
dX A
kCA0 1 X A 1 W
2 2
FA0
dW kCA02 0 1 XA 2
0
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
L6-20
Next Time
•Startup of a CSTR under isothermal conditions
•Semi-batch reactor
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.