A stun gun is electrical self defense devce that use

high voltage to stop the attacker. Touching a

person wth the prongs of the device quickly
immobilizes the attacker. However, because the
amperage is very low, no serious or permanent
injury is inflicted
 T2
Driver T1 Multiplier
Stage Trigger Pulse Triger
Oscilator Transformer Stage Transformer
Stage Stage
Stage
 To start with we will look at the first stage, the
driver oscillator. The picture below shows a
driver oscillator circuit in its simplest form.
 This circuit above is connected to a
transformer. Transformers need some kind of
moving current to function properly, without
the moving current of some form the
transformer would work for a split second then
stop working again. We must keep the current
moving around in some way.
 We can pulse it push and pull it or alternate it to keep the
transformer continuously working.
 In the world of SG’s we call this the first stage transformer
or the T1. We use the T1 to step up the voltage as high as we
can 800v+. This type of transformer is called a step up
transformer.
 A moving current goes in the transformer and 800v+ of AC
alternating current comes out of the terminals on the other
side of the transformer. The voltage has been stepped up.
 Voltage is the pressure pushing the electrons and current is
the amount of electrons being pushed.
 We have now converted our DC direct current from the
battery in to AC alternating current by passing it through
the T1 transformer.
 The next stage we go on to is the Multiplier
stage or the Storage stage of the circuit design.
 I need you to imagine that all the electrons act
like a solid or a chain. Imagine that all the
electrons are linked together by a small link so
if I pull one electron at the top of the chain all
of the electrons in the chain move with it
around the circuit.
 The next picture is a storage stage in its
simplest form.
 We are now at the point of J1 in the schematic above this is the
surge arrester. This is a voltage controlled switch, when the
voltage reaches a certain point from one side it will give way
and let the electrons flood through from that right hand side
with 600 volts of pressure behind them. All the electrons flood
in to that positively charged space very quickly to even the
charge between the ions and electrons in the circuit.
 This is now the final phase of the storage or multiplier stage.
The electrons have flooded in and we have to create this
unbalance in charge once again so the process can repeat itself
over and over again.
 The T1 starts to push and pull on the electrons and the diode is
a one way gate remember like a valve on a pump, every time
the electrons are being pushed down it pulls electrons through
the gate or diode from the line above and does not let them
back through creating the positive and negative imbalance in
the circuit all over again.
 Now we find ourselves at the last stage of the schematic
design, the pulse trigger transformer.
 There is a small blue coil on the right of that schematic that
is the primary coil of the pulse trigger transformer. (The full
schematic is below) Every time that our storage stage or
multiplier stage fires it pulses millions of electrons past that
point and we need that pulsed current or moving current for
a transformer to work correctly right.
 The difference is this is a T2, this is a ultra high voltage step
up transformer like the T1 but much bigger and way more
heavily insulated so arking or ionisation does not take place
within it. This T2 jumps up the voltage so much that large
blue arks of electricity ionise the air and start jumping from
probe to probe. The process then repeats and repeats.