Deepbhushan Singh

Kamlesh Singh
Vivekanand Yadav
Introduction
 The increase in the temperature of the
earth due to the emission of the green
house gases.

 Greenhouse gases are Water Vapour,

Carbon dioxide, Methane, Chlorofluoro
Carbon(CFC), Nitrous Oxide, Ozone
and many other.
Greenhouse Gases
 Greenhouse gases are those that absorb and emit
infrared radiation emitted by earth.

 The infrared radiation emitted by sun is absored by

earth and reflected back.

 Some of the infrared red radiation reflected back by

earth is absorbed/trapped by these greenhouse in
the atmosphere and some are radiated back in the
space.

 This helps in maintaining the earth temperature.

Effect of greenhouse gases
Major greenhouse gases
 Water vapour, 36–70%
 Carbon dioxide, 9–26%
 Methane, 4–9%
 Ozone, 3–7%
Current greenhouse gas
concentrations
Natural vs Man
Effect of greenhouse gases
 About 26% of the incoming solar energy
is reflected to space by the atmosphere
and clouds, and 19% is absorbed by the
atmosphere and clouds. Most of the
remaining energy is absorbed at the
surface of Earth.
Global Emissions by Economic
Sector
 Electricity and heat production: The burning
of coal, natural gas, and oil for electricity and
heat is the largest single source of global
greenhouse gas emissions.

 Industry : Greenhouse gas emissions from

industry primarily involve fossil fuels burned on
site at facilities for energy. This sector also
includes emissions from chemical,
metallurgical, and mineral transformation
processes not associated with energy
consumption and emissions from waste
management activities.
Global Emissions by Economic
Sector
 Agriculture, forestry and other land use :
Greenhouse gas emissions from this sector come
mostly from agriculture and deforestation.
 Transportation: Greenhouse gas emissions from
this sector primarily involve fossil fuels burned for
road, rail, air, and marine transportation. Almost all
(95%) of the world's transportation energy comes
from petroleum-based fuels, largely gasoline and
diesel.
 Buildings: Greenhouse gas emissions from this
sector arise from onsite energy generation and
burning fuels for heat in buildings or cooking in
homes.
Carbon dioxide
 Fossil fuel use is the primary source of
CO2.
 CO2 can also be emitted from direct
human-induced impacts on forestry and
other land use, such as through
deforestation, land clearing for agriculture,
and degradation of soils.
 Of these, deforestation is the major reason
for the higher proportion of carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere as trees absorb carbon
dioxide.
Methane gas
 Agricultural activities, waste
management, energy use, and biomass
burning all contribute to CH4 emissions.

 Rice cultivation is the major contributor

for the emission of methane gas in the
atmosphere.
Nitrous oxide
 Agricultural activities, including the use
of fertilizers, that lead to higher nitrous
oxide (N
2O) concentrations.
ChloroFluoro Carbon
 Use of chlorofluoro carbons (CFCs)
in refrigeration systems, and use of
CFCs and halons in fire
supression systems and manufacturing
processes.
Ozone
 Ozone layer in the atmosphere protect us from the
direct radiation of UV light from the sun.

 However ozone layer is depleting due to human

activites.

 The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone

hole is man-made chemicals, especially man-
made halocarbon refrigerants, Solventsm
Propellants, and foam-blowing agents (Chlorofluoro
carbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons), referred to
as ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
Reduce the emission
 Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
from agriculture by using organic
fertilizers.
 Reducing the cultivation of rice.
 Providing incentives for public and
private sector organisations to take up
more energy-efficient technologies and
practices
Reduce the emission
 Afforestation – plantation of tree as much as
possible.
 Industrial users of fluorinated gases can reduce
emissions by adopting fluorinated gas recycling and
destruction processes, optimizing production to
minimize emissions, and replacing these gases with
alternatives.

 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are released through the

leakage of refrigerants used in vehicle air-
conditioning systems. Leakage can be reduced
through better system components, and through the
use of alternative refrigerants with lower global
warming potentials than those presently used.
Reduce the emission
 Emissions can be reduced by reducing nitrogen-
based fertilizer applications.
 Nitrous oxide is a byproduct of fuel combustion, so
reducing fuel consumption in motor vehicles and
secondary sources can reduce emissions.
 Additionally, the introduction of pollution control
technologies (e.g., catalytic converters to reduce
exhaust pollutants from passenger cars) can also
reduce emissions of N2O.
 Nitrous oxide is generally emitted from industry
through fossil fuel combustion, so technological
upgrades and fuel switching are effective ways to
reduce industry emissions of N2O.
Reduce the emission
 Methane from coal mines can also be
captured and used for energy.

 Upgrading the equipment used to

produce, store, and transport oil and gas
can reduce many of the leaks that
contribute to CH4 emissions.
Reduce the emission
 Carbon dioxide capture and sequestration
is a set of technologies that can potentially
greatly reduce CO2 emissions from new
and existing coal- and gas-fired power
plants, industrial processes, and other
stationary sources of CO2.

 Reducing personal energy use by turning

off lights and electronics when not in use
reduces electricity demand. Reducing
distance traveled in vehicles reduces
petroleum consumption