The Present Perfect

Form
The present perfect tense is formed out of
the present tense of verb have + past participle

I have we have verb+-ed

you have you have III column
he,she, it has they have
Affirmative
I have worked,you have worked, he has worked
Negative
I haven’t worked, you haven’t worked, he hasn’t worked
Questions
Have I worked?Have you worked? Has he worked?

Short answers:
Have you ever?
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he ever?
Yes,he has. No,he hasn’t.
 Use
It is used for present and past actions and it always
implies a strong connection with the present. It is
chiefly used in conversations, letters, newspapers
and reports.
Present Perfect is used for past actions whose time is
not definite:
I have read the instructions but I don’t
understand them.
But
I read the instructions last night. (time given)
It is used for recent actions which have results in
the present:
Tom has had a bad car crash. (He’s probably
in hospital)
The lift has broken down. (We have to use
the stairs)
For experience:
I have never tasted French wines.
For actions which lasts:
He has been in the army for two years.(he is
still in the army.
We have waited all day. ( we are still waited)
(ever, never, recently, lately, so far, already, yet,
just, since, for)
Have you ever ridden a horse?
I haven’t seen him since November.
*The conversation about a past action often begins
with a question and answer in the present perfect
and continues in the past simple:
Where have you been?
I have been to the cinema.
What did you see?
I saw the Titanic.
Did you like it?
___________________________________________________
book the accomodation
buy tickets
change some money
call off meetings for next week
inform clients we are off next week
make all necessary phone calls
finish the reports
water the plants
 Just/yet/already/for/since/lately/

We have lived here__________ 1994.

Don’t touch the windows! I’ve ______ cleaned
them.
John and Sally have known each other _____five
years.
I haven’t done my homework ________
Have you _________ seen the new Brad Pitt film?
Mark has loved his wife ________the first time he
saw her.
You look great.What have you been doing ______?
 Present perfect continuous
Form
It is formed by
the present perfect of verb to be + present participle
Affirmative
I have working,you have been working, he has been
working

Negative
I haven’t been working, you haven’t been working, he
hasn’t been working

Questions
Have I been working?Have you been working? Has he
been working?
 Use
It is used for the action which began in the past and
is still continuing:
I have been waiting for an hour and he still
hasn’t turned up.
I’m sorry,I ’m late. Have you been waiting
long?
*expect,hope, learn,lie,live,look, rain, sleep,sit,
snow,stand, stay, study,teach, wait,want, work

How long have you learnt English?

=
How long have you been learning English?
 Present perfect simple or continuous?

We/learn/English/two years.
Oh no!Someone/steal/my car.
Why/you sleep/so much?
How long/know/Sally?
It is intermezzo now.How long/they/play?
I /spend/all my money-and it’s only Tuesday!
I/ not eat/ healthily/recently.
We/drive/300 kilometres today.