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FIQH OF FAMILY

PLANNING
The basic precepts of Islam
• A religion of ease no hardship (2:185)
• Allah desires for you ease [yusr]; He
desires not hardship [eusr] for you.

• A religion of moderation (2:286)


• Allah tasks not a soul beyond its capacity
(or limits).

• A religion for quality (2:249)


• How many a small company has
overcome a large company by permission
of Allah

• A religion for planning (54:49)


• Indeed, [We] every thing We created it by
a measure.

Reference: Omran A. Family Planning in the Legacy of Islam. London: Routledge; 1992.
Islamic ruling on Family Planning
• First opinion (not permissible)
• Wealth or rizq is from Allah. (Al-Quran 6:151 & 17:31) - contradictory to
provision (rizq) or reliance on Allah (Tawakkul).
• Ibn Hazm - coitus interruptus is consider as hidden infanticide
• Second opinion (permissible)
• No Qur'anic text forbids prevention of conception.
• Hadith - Prophet (pbuh) which allowed some of his followers to
practice 'azl or coitus interruptus.
• Modern methods are, by analogy, permissible.
• Based on several terms*
1. Omran A. Family Planning in the Legacy of Islam. London: Routledge; 1992.
2. Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan - IRSYAD AL-FATWA KE-146 : HUKUM MERANCANG KELUARGA KERANA BERPENDAPATAN RENDAH
[Internet]. Muftiwp.gov.my. 2016 [cited 26 April 2018]. Available from: http://muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/irsyad-fatwa/irsyad-fatwa-
umum/1847-irsyad-al-fatwa-ke-146-hukum-merancang-keluarga-kerana-berpendapatan-rendah?highlight=WyJrZWx1YXJnYSJd
Terms for family planning in Islam

• Necessity to space/avoid the pregnancy based on


Syarak and medical issue
• Agreement both husband and wife
• No harm to the couple especially wife
• Methods is permissible in Islam

Reference:
1. Omran A. Family Planning in the Legacy of Islam. London: Routledge; 1992.
2. Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan - IRSYAD AL-FATWA KE-146 : HUKUM MERANCANG KELUARGA KERANA BERPENDAPATAN RENDAH
[Internet]. Muftiwp.gov.my. 2016 [cited 26 April 2018]. Available from: http://muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/irsyad-fatwa/irsyad-fatwa-
umum/1847-irsyad-al-fatwa-ke-146-hukum-merancang-keluarga-kerana-berpendapatan-rendah?highlight=WyJrZWx1YXJnYSJd
Avoid economic
Maternal well being
hardships

Allow for the


Avoid transmission of
education, proper
disease to the progeny
rearing and religious
from affected parents
Islam allows training of children

contraception
Health risks to a because Preserve a wife’s
beauty and fitness –
suckling child & ’new’
to keep happiness in
child
marriage

Avoid the danger of Avoid of other


children being domestic problems
converted from Islam caused by a large
in enemy territory family
To avoid begetting
To avoid maternity
certain gender (e.g.
roles
female) children

It is not allowed if

*Involved permanent
Cause harm to
method (changes
mother or father
anatomy)

*unless there is medical indications


Consent between husband and
wife
• According to the legal aspect of Islamic law
• The wife has full right to the use of contraceptives, with
or without the approval of her husband, as long as it
does not interfere with the husband’s conjugal rights
• E.g: wife cannot force him to use a condom or practice
coitus interruptus

• The husband need consent from wife use condom or


practice coitus interruptus (Jumhur Ulama except
mazhab Shafi’e)
• The husband has no right to force his wife for
childbearing or not – it is a personal decision of the
woman
Reference: Merali A, Merali S. From Marriage to Parenthood The Heavenly Path. Canada: The Islamic Education
Board of the World Federation of KSIMC; 2006.
Consent between husband and
wife
• Practically, such decision are best made with
mutual consultation and effective communication
• Principles - the legal aspect is to protect the basic
rights of women, but in the real world, man and
woman must base their life on love, mercy and
cooperation as it is stated in Surat al-Rum (30),
Verse 21:

; and He placed between you affection and mercy.


Methods of contraception
• Principle:
• anything prevents implantation and backwards (e.g. prevent ovulation) is
permissible is Islam
• termination of pregnancy after implantation is an abortion (Haraam)*
• Permanent method is Haraam except for health reasons (the life of the
mother is in danger)

Methods

Temporary Permanent

Natural Hormonal Non-hormonal Vasectomy Tubectomy


References

1. Omran A. Family Planning in the Legacy of Islam. London: Routledge; 1992.

2. Merali A, Merali S. From Marriage to Parenthood The Heavenly Path. Canada: The Islamic Education
Board of the World Federation of KSIMC; 2006.

3. Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan - IRSYAD AL-FATWA KE-146 : HUKUM MERANCANG KELUARGA
KERANA BERPENDAPATAN RENDAH [Internet]. Muftiwp.gov.my. 2016 [cited 26 April 2018]. Available
from: http://muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/irsyad-fatwa/irsyad-fatwa-umum/1847-irsyad-al-fatwa-ke-
146-hukum-merancang-keluarga-kerana-berpendapatan-rendah?highlight=WyJrZWx1YXJnYSJd

4. Family Planning and Islam: A Review [Internet]. Islamawareness.net. [cited 27 April 2018]. Available
from: http://www.islamawareness.net/FamilyPlanning/familyplanning.html

5. Perubatan Islam dan Bukti Sains Moden. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Millennia; 2014.

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