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Planning Process
Contents
2
Radio Propagation Feature
Propagation of Electromagnetic wave-straight, reflection,
scattering, diffraction
Radio signal fading includes 3 parts:
Path loss: fading with distance between transmitter and receiver
Large scale fading:middle amplitude of fading with log normal distribution,
slow fading, caused by shadow effect
Small scale fading: small amplitude of fading with rapid change, fast fading,
caused by multi-path effect.
Signal Rx Level Pathloss
= +
Slow fading
distance
+
Fast fading
FDMA
Different channels at different
frequencies, such as AMPS and TACS.
TDMA
Different channels at the same
frequency are distinguished by
timeslots, such as GSM.
CDMA
Different channels at the same time
and frequency are distinguished by
different codes, such as UMTS.
Source
Shared frequency spectrum caused
intra-frequency interference, multi-
Path effect, difficult to implement
perfect orthogonality with ideal self
correlation and cross correlation.
Phenomenon
Noise rise, soft capacity
Solution
Power control, admission control,
load control and careful network
planning
Downlink Node B
power increases with
the number of
subscribers non-
linearly
Interference
The signal for one subscriber is the noise to the others. The
transmitted power should be controlled in order that it would
not block other subscribers.
despreading
Node B
despreading
Node B
Soft handover
UE connects with more than one RL2
radio links with different Node B RL1
Softer handover
UE connects with more than one
radio links with the cells in the same
Node B
Hard handover
Intra-frequency hard handover
Inter-frequency hard handover
Inter-RAT hard handover
150
145
140
uplink load
135
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
throughput per sector [kbps]
Processing Eb/No
Gain(PG)
Subscriber 3
Noise Subscriber 2
Subscriber 1
Eb S W S W S
PG
No R N N R N
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved
11
Multi-Service Hybrid System
64kbps service coverage
Different services have
different rates, and their
coverage ranges and
capacities are different. 128kbps service coverage
Goals
point coverage
line coverage
plane coverage
15
Planning Process - Requirement Analysis
Requirement Analysis
Network Dimensioning
Pre-Planning
Simulation
Propagation Model
Test and Calibration
Sites Survey
Sites Layout
Network Simulation
Output Planning
Report
384k PS data
Capacity Requirements
No. of subscribers and their ‘profile’, traffic
model,
service type , forecast, “hot spots”
Cell load
Load increases, Coverage reduces , System
unstable
12
10
8
Noise Rise
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Load
Other information
The important building in the planning area
The information of traffic line, just as highway
The important villages and towns in the planning area
Network Dimensioning
Pre-Planning
Simulation
Propagation Model
Test and Calibration
Sites Survey
Sites Layout
Network Simulation
Output Planning
Report
Pt Gt Gr 2
Pr (d )
(4 ) d2 2
Pt 2
PL(dB) 10 log 10 log 2 2
Pr (4 ) d
Pt: TX power
Pr(d): Rx power
Gt: Gain of TX antenna
Gr: Gain of RX antenna
d: Distance between TX and RX antennas
PL: Pathloss in free space
4d
Loss 20 lg
FreeLoss 32.44 20 lg d 20 lg f
K1-Fading Constant
K2-Distance Fading Coefficient
K3、K4-Mobile Station Antenna Height calibration
Coefficient
K5、K6-Base Station Antenna Height calibration
Coefficient
K7-Diffraction calibration Coefficient
Clutterloss-Calibration Value of Physiognomy
Fading
D-Distance between base station and mobile
station (km)
Hms -Mobile Station Antenna Effective Height (m)
Heff-Base Station Antenna Effective Height (m)
Site Selection
Transmitter
Receiver
Laptop
Route Selection
Data Process
Distance Filtration.
Intensity Filtration.
Land Feature Filtration
K1-Fading Constant
K2-Distance Fading Coefficient
K3、K4-Mobile Station Antenna Height calibration Coefficient
K5、K6-Base Station Antenna Height calibration Coefficient
K7-Diffraction calibration Coefficient
Clutterloss-Calibration Value of Physiognomy Fading
D-Distance between base station and mobile station (km)
Hms -Mobile Station Antenna Effective Height (m)
Heff-Base Station Antenna Effective Height (m)
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved
34
Planning Process – Network Dimensioning
Requirement Analysis
Network Dimensioning
Pre-Planning
Simulation
Propagation Model
Test and Calibration
Sites Survey
Sites Layout
Network Simulation
Output Planning
Report
Link budget
Capacity analysis
Give need analysis report, and estimate the Number of NodeBs in
the planned area.
Quantity A of Quantity B of
Add BSs
channels to be channels availably
provided by every cell provided by every
on the downlink cell on the downlink
No
A<B
Yse
End
Antenna Gain
Feeder loss
PA BS Power
Receiver Sensitivity
Path Loss
Margin
Penetration Loss
Body Loss
Link budget
Coverage Target Mas Allowable Path Loss
UE Power
Raius No.Node B
Propagation Model
Inter mean
Virtual channel of each
Inter variance
cell
Capacity factor
No.Cell
Network Dimensioning
Pre-Planning
Simulation
Propagation Model
Test and Calibration
Sites Survey
Sites Layout
Network Simulation
Output Planning
Report
Network Dimensioning
Pre-Planning
Simulation
Propagation Model
Test and Calibration
Sites Survey
Sites Layout
Network Simulation
Output Planning
Report
Data Recording
Network
Dimensioning
Pre-Planning
Simulation
Propagation
Model Test and
Sites Survey Calibration
Sites Layout
Network
Simulation
Output Planning
Report
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved
46
Network Simulation
Best server
Pilot strength
Pilot Ec/Io
Soft handover probability
Pilot pollution
Service coverage probability
Cell load
Over shoot
Continuous
coverage of pilot
No continuous
coverage of pilot
Contributions to Failure
No UL Channels Primary Channel 0.00%
No DL Channels Primary Channel 0.00%
UL Channels Channel Limit Reached 0.00%
DL Channels Channel Limit Reached 0.00%
Low Pilot SIR 3.65%
Downlink Eb/No (Range) 1.74%
Downlink Eb/No (Capacity) 0.00%
Uplink Eb/No 15.63%
Noise Rise 86.63%
No Carrier 0.00%
Excessive Pathloss 0.00%
Network Dimensioning
Pre-Planning
Simulation
Propagation Model
Test and Calibration
Sites Survey
Sites Layout
Network Simulation
Output Planning
Report
Report contents
Networking requirements for the UMTS network
Service model and demand analysis
Radio network scale estimation
Policy and principle analysis
Networking proposal and solution to network construction by stages
Attachment contents
Propagation model test result
BS address survey table
BS engineering parameter table
Radio parameter configuration table
Network diagram and site layout diagram
simulation result report