THREE PHASE CIRCUITS

ia

ib
Vm  120 2 ic

Instantaneous Phase Voltages

van (t )  Vm cos( t )(V )
vbn (t )  Vm cos( t  120)(V )
Balanced Phase Currents
vc (t )  Vm cos( t  240)(V )
ia (t )  I m cos( t   )
ib ( t )  I m cos( t    120) Instantaneous power
i (t )  I cos( t    240) p(t )  van (t ) ia (t )  vbn ( t ) ib ( t )  vcn ( t )ic (t )
c m

Theorem
For a balanced three phase circuit the instantaneous power is constant
Vm I m
p( t )  3 cos (W )
2
 THREE-PHASE CONNECTIONS

Positive sequence
a-b-c

Y-connected
Delta connected loads
loads
 SOURCE/LOAD CONNECTIONS

BALANCED Y-Y CONNECTION Line voltages

Van|Vp | 0
Vbn|Vp | 120

Vab Vab  Van  Vbn
Vcn|Vp |  
120 | V p | 0 | V p |   120
Vca
Positive sequence | V p | 1  (cos120  j sin 120) 
Vbc phase voltages
1 3
| V | p  | V p |   j 
2 2 
 3 | V p | 30

Vbc  3 | V p |   90
Van V V Vca  3 | V p |   210
Ia  ; I b  bn ; I c  cn
ZY ZY ZY
VL  3 | V p |  Line Voltage
I a | I L |  ; I b | I L |   120; I c | I L |   120
Ia  Ib  Ic  I n  0 For this balanced circuit it is enough to analyze one phase
DELTA CONNECTED SOURCES Convert to an equivalent Y connection

Vab  VL0   VL
  anV    30
Vbc  VL  120  3

Vca  VL120  V  VL   150
bn
 3
Vab  3 | V p | 30  VL
V
 cn  90
3
Van lags Vab by 30
Example
Vab208 60   Van  12030
 
Vbc 208  60 Vbn  120  90
Relationship between
phase and line voltages Vca208 180  
 Vcn  120150
 |V | 3|Vphase|
 phase30
Line-phase voltage
relationsh
ip

| 3|I|
|Iline
line
30

Line-phase current
relationship
 LEARNING EXTENSION
I
aA 
12 40.
Find the phasecurre
I AB  6.9370
I BC  6.93  50
I CA  6.93190
 POWER RELATIONSHIPS
|V | 3|Vphase|
- Impedance angle
 phase30
Line-phase voltage
relationsh
ip
Vline
STotal  3  V phase  I *phase

*
STotal  3Vline I line Power factor angle
f
I line
| 3|I|
|Iline
line
30

Line-phase current Ptotal  3 |Vline || I line | cos f
relationship Qtotal  3 |Vline || I line | sin  f
 Stotal  3Vline  I *

*
STotal  3Vline I line
 Line-to-neutral (phase) voltages
a

V̂an
b
a V̂bn b

V̂bn
V̂an n n
V̂cn V̂cn
c c

The identified voltages are referred to as “line-to-neutral voltages,”

or “phase voltages.”

12
 Line-to-line (line) voltages
a

V̂ab
a b b

V̂ca
n n V̂bc

c c

The identified voltages are referred to as “line-to-line voltages,” or

just “line voltages.”

13
 Phasor diagram for line-neutral (phase) voltages

V̂cn Rotation

120°
120°
120° V̂an

V̂bn
What is rotating?
The peak value of the sinusoid; this peak ˆ V
V ˆ   120
bn an
value is projected onto one of the axes to
obtain the instantaneous value of the ˆ V
V ˆ   120
quantity, a concept equivalent to writing cn an
van(t)=sinωt.
www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/phasor-addition.html
14
Phasor diagram for line-line (line) voltages

Rotation

V̂ca V̂ab
120°

120° 120°

ˆ V
V ˆ   120
bc ab

ˆ V
V ˆ   120
ca ab
V̂ab
15
 Line-to-neutral (phase) &
line-to-line (line)
a
voltages
V̂an V̂ab
a b b

V̂bn V̂ca
n n V̂bc
V̂cn

c c
ˆ -V
V ˆ +V ˆ 0�V ˆ -V ˆ +Vˆ � 120� 0
ab an bn ab an an

�V ˆ -V ˆ (1  1� 120� )0

ab an

�Vˆ V ˆ (1  1� 120�

)
ab an

ˆ
�а
V ˆ
V
ab an 3 30 16