(MCL142) Co-ordinated by: Subhra Datta Department of Mechanical Engineering Room III-175 E-mail: subhra.datta@mech.iitd.ac.in Office Phone: 1054 Teaching Assistants: Shivam Verma (Ph: 9205441580), Ph: Vikas Jangir (Ph: 6982), B Arvind (Ph: 9873466612) What is “Introduction to thermal science for electrical engineers”? • What is thermal science? • Why is it important for electrical engineers? What is thermal science? • Study of energy conversion processes inclusive of heat flow • Branches: • Thermodynamics: • deals with quantities of heat exchanged, not rates • how to minimize the wastefulness arising from “heat” being associated with “dissipation” • cannot predict spatial and temporal variations of the properties affected by heat transfer • characterizes feasibility of transformations and the path taken. • Heat transfer • deals with rates of heat exchanged • can predict spatial and temporal variations of the properties affected by heat transfer • Fluid mechanics • Combustion Relative importance of thermal and non-thermal phenomena? • Swinging back/forth of a pendulum • Compression/expansion of an ideal spring • Charging/discharging of capacitor • Current through an inductor coil changes • Electric current conducted through a material medium • Heat conducted through a material medium • Rubbing between surfaces of two bodies “Thermal effects” are macroscopic signature of microscopic phenomena Thermodynamics, temperature and electrical engineering • Heat flows from high to low temperature. • Sensible heat alters temperature. • Resistance of a incandescent bulb filament.
Voltage vs. Current for an incandescent light bulb
Engineering and thermodynamics
• For an innovator, two important questions:
• Is the proposed transformation possible? Are natural laws violated? • Does propose transformation make best use of energy available. • Perpetual motion machines of the first and second kinds • Perpetual motion machine of the second kind: • Let us use the practically unlimited thermal energy of water/earth/air to generate electricity In life there are no free lunches! Resistors and thermodynamics
• Resistors dissipate heat.
• More useful “electrical work” leaves as heat and becomes less useful internal energy of surroundings. • Rubbing of hard objects: effects of friction. Need for thermodynamics and heat transfer in an electrical engineer’s day at office • Power Systems (motors, generators, transformers, prime mover or energy resources for generation, energy storage devices, transducers, power electronics, drives) • Control Systems (motors, electronics (cooling), drives, analog circuits, transducers) • Electronics (digital and analog circuits, power electronics, computers, cell-phones, digital displays) • Optics, remote Sensing and space Systems (power electronics (cooling/heating), sensors, transducers, analog circuits) • Optics, signal and image Processing (electronics (cooling), sensors, transducers, analog circuits) • Electromagnetism, communications, RF/MW engineering (superconductor cooling for MRI applications, electronics, motors, generators, cell-phones, microwave ovens, sensors, transducers, analog circuits) Need for thermal management of electronics Electronics packaging: thermal aspects
15 C / W
Thermal interface materials
Heat spreaders
Heat exchangers: air/water for cooling
Power engineering: adjusting turbine speed to changes in generation frequency
Need for understanding energy transformations in
generation side and factors that control generation.