Petroleum Refinning

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World Proven Reserves of Crude Oil

20.6 65.4
63.7 44.0
675.7
74.9
89.5

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Don’t be afraid of failure, This is The Way To Succeed
 Crude Oil’s Price

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Don’t be afraid of failure, This is The Way To Succeed
 Distillation of Crude Oil

Refined Product: A crude oil fraction which contains

a lot of individual hydrocarbons (e.g. gasoline,
asphalt, waxes, and lubricants)
Petrochemical Product: A crude oil fraction which
contain one or two specific hydrocarbons of high
purity (e.g. benzene, toluene, and ethylene).

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 Composition of Crude Oil
CRUDE OIL

HYDROCARBONS NON-HYDROCARBONS

ALIPHATICS AROMATICS NAPHTHENES SULFURS NITROGENS OXYGENS METALLICS

25% 17% 50% <8% <1% <3% <100PPM

C1 - C60 (C6H5)n O
CYCLOALKANES
SH

N
H COOH
S

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Don’t be afraid of failure, This is The Way To Succeed
 Refinery Processes
• Distillation / Fractionation – Heating liquid to mostly vapor,
then condensing the vapor into different fractions to
produce desired boiling range mixture (fraction or cut)
• Conversion (Cracking and Reforming) – Using catalysts
and/or heat, convert molecules into different sizes and
configurations to achieve desired properties
• Treating (Hydrotreating, Chemical Treating) – Using
catalysts and chemicals, remove impurities from the
hydrocarbons
• Combining – Using catalysts and chemicals, combine
molecules to form others
• Blending – Blend various fractions together to obtain
desired finished product properties

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Don’t be afraid of failure, This is The Way To Succeed
Don’t be afraid of failure, This is The Way To Succeed
Don’t be afraid of failure, This is The Way To Succeed