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2. Network
a. point to multipoint
b. Mesh
c. Ring
Fiber :
SMF/MMF, Fiber type – SMF28, DSF, etc,
Cable loss, Spool length
Rx :
PSEN, PSAT, Rise time
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Elements of Link/ Network Design (cont.)
Connection:
No. of splice, Splice loss
No. of connectors, Connector Loss
In Line Devices:
Splitter, Filter, Attenuator, Amplifier
Insertion loss, Gain
Risetime/Bandwidth
Response Wavelength Range
Saturation Level
Minimum Detection Level
OA OA RX
TX
(3) ?
dB = 10 log (P1/P2)
dBm Value % of 1 mW Power Application
0.0 100% 1.0 mW Typical laser Peak
Output
-13.0 5% 50.0W Typical PIN
Receiver
Sensitivity
-30.0 0.1% 1.0W Typical APD
Receiver
Sensitivity
-40.0 0.01% 100.0W Typical LED Peak
Output
ETM7172 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Multimedia University
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Decibel to Power Conversion
Splice Connector
GOOD?
Number of Splice = 46
Splice Loss = 0.1 dB
Connector Loss = 0.2 dB
PMargin = 6 dB
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Simple Calculation….
Fiber Loss = 0.25 dB/km X 185 km
= 46.3 dB
Splice Loss = 0.1 dB X 46
CONCLUSION: = 4.6 dB
Connector Loss = 0.2 dB X 2
= 0.4 dB
BAD SYSTEM!!
Total Losses = 46.3 + 4.6 + 0.4
= 51.3 dB
PMargin = 6 dB
PRX = PTX – Total Losses – PMargin
= 0 – 51.3 – 6
PRX = -57.3 dB
Power Budget, PRX < PSEN !!
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How To Solve?
Answer… Place an amplifier
Hence …
Hence …
So…
+ 1 connector at Tx
2 connectors
Connector Loss = 0.2 dB x 3 = 0.6 dB
Actually, at 120 km,
Total Losses = Fiber Loss + Splice Loss + Connector Loss
= 30 + 3 + 0.6 = 33.6 dB
33.6 dB > 30 dB!! NOT GOOD!
Now, We have excess of 3.6 dB…Find the distance,
Fiber Loss Length = 3.6/0.25 = 14.4 km
Good Location = 120 km – 14.4 km = 105.6 km
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Let us confirm the answer…
At 105.6 km from Tx,
Fiber Loss = 0.25 x 105.6 = 26.4 dB
No. of Splice at 105.6 km = 105.6/4 =26.4 = 27
Splice Loss = 0.1 x 27 = 2.7 dB
Total Losses = 26.4 + 2.7 = 29.1 dB
29.1 dB < 30 dB !!
CONFIRM…105.6 KM IS A GOOD LOCATION!!
185 km
Splice Connector
PTx = 0 dBm PSEN = -28 dBm
105.6 KM
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Example:
Power Budget Measurement for LAN
Server A Server B
500 m
Using 850nm
PTx = -15 dBm PSEN = -25 dBm
Attenuation Coefficient, = 4.5 dB/km
IS THIS SYSTEM
Dispersion Coefficient, D = 18 ps/nm-km
GOOD?
Number of Splice = 0
Splice Loss = 0 dB
Connector Loss = 0.5 dB
PMargin = 2 dB
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BANDWIDTH
BUDGET
T T’
OA OA RX
TX
Δτ = T’ - T
TSYS = 0.77 ns
BER = Q [IMIN2/ (4 . N0 . B) ]
where :
N0 = Noise power spectral density (A2/Hz)
IMIN = Minimum effective signal amplitude (Amps)
B = Bandwidth
Q(x) = Cumulative distribution function (Gaussian distribution)
SNR = S/N
S - represents the information to be transmitted
N - integration of all noise factors over the full system bandwidth