Integrating different planning

issues into one on GIS platform

 Accessibility and potential models

• Accessibility is the ability to command the

transportation facilities that are necessary to
reach the desired location at desired time.
 Two elements under accessibility

• The distance between the two locations

• The utility of the various locations.
 The potential equation

• Where,
• Pi = Potential at location i
• Mj = size of the center j
• dij = distance between two centers
Average travel time based on potential

• T= average time of travel from location i

• Pij = proportion of population living at i and
travelling to j
• dij = travel time/distance between i & j
Average travel time based on potential

• Using the above equation from gravity model

using it with travel time equation the
following equation is arrived at
 Grid cell use
• Measurement of intrazonal distances became
an issue and considering it to be zero made no
sense.
• In order to tackle such issues zoning system
was replaced by grids of 1km by 1km in order
to locate
 Integrating a module in GIS

• Implementation of a routine modeling as a

part of GIS.
• Standalone modeling program outside GIS
package
 Module description
• The distance b/w a centre and a target
location is the sum of three distances:
1. The distance from the centre to the nearest
point of the network.
2. The network distance from the point nearest
to the centre to point nearest the target
location.
3. The distance to the target location from the
nearest point on the network.
 The context here

• The National Physical Planning agency of

Netherlands have formulated the physical
planning policy wherein the housing of 1
million dwellers needs to be prepared at a
suitable location simultaneously keeping in
mind the implementation of ways to attract
bus commuters away from car journey.
 Potential surfaces
• After figuring out employment centre and
supply centre potential for 13000 locations
including the potential building sites. The GIS
standalone program for calculating shortest
path is integrated with potential model and
potential surfaces are generated. 8 different
potential surfaces are created based on the
two modes and based on two years 1990 &
2015
 Uses of potential surface

• It serves as an evaluation tool for designated

building sites.
• Facilitates policy based search area. For each
policy(for eg- preservation and development
of nature areas) being given input three types
of location being shown.
 Evaluation model of accessibility
• Shortest time distance- It refers to the total
time that one node need to all other nodes in
the road network by the shortest time
spending route. The lower STD value that a
node has indicates that the node’s
accessibility is higher. The model expression is:
 Evaluation model of accessibility
• Weighted average travel time: It is the
weighted summation of the total time that a
node needed to all other nodes in the road
network by the shortest time spending route.
The weight represents the importance of a
node in the road network, it can be calculated
by population density or economical indexes.
 Accessibility index
• It is a normalized index for the shortest travel
time and the weighted average travel time.
The formula is:
 Results
• Two assessment methods obtain similar
results. From North-east to the South-west,
the Foshan central region's accessibility value
decreases gradually. The western region has
relatively lower value of accessibility.
 References
• Geertman, S.C.M., Van Eck, J.R.R.,(1995) “GIS and
models of accessibility potential: an application in
planning”, International Journal of Geographical
Information Systems, Vol 9, 67-80
• Chi, W., Weiping,H., “Urban road network
accessibility evaluation method based on GIS
spatial analysis techniques”, The International
Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing
and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol 38, Part II