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Pitch
Crest
Flank
Ad dendum
Pitch line Flan
Flank
Thr ead angl
angle
An
Angle Dedendum
D
Axial th ickness
Root
Axis of thread
• Minor diameter.
• Pitch
Bench micrometer
Bench micrometer
Measurement Using Ordinary
Micrometer
• Used for measuring external major diameter.
• Procedure:
– Gauge setting: It is adjusted for appropriate cylindrical
size (S) having the same diameter (approximately).
– Reading R1 is noted
– Then the micrometer is set on the major diameter of
the thread, and the new reading is ‘R2’
– Thus, Major diameter D = S + (R1 - R2)
• Where S = Size of setting Gauge
• R1= Micrometer reading at setting gauge
• R2 = Micrometer reading over thread
Measurement by Bench Micrometer
Indicator
Thread
Screw
Measurement of Major Diameter
Measurement of the Major Diameter of an
Internal Thread
Column
work table
with carriage
Hollow base
Lamp
Collimator lens
C
Mirror
Base
Tool Makers Microscope:
Tool Makers Microscope
• Worktable is placed on the base of the instrument.
• The optical head, mounted on a vertical column, can be moved up &
down.
• Work piece is mounted on a glass plate.
• A light source provides horizontal beam of light which is reflected
from a mirror by 90° upwards towards the table.
• Image of the outline of contour of the work piece passes through the
objective of the optical head.
• The image is projected on a ground glass screen by a system of three
prisms. The screen can be rotated through 360°.
• Measurements are made by means of cross lines engraved on the
ground glass screen.
• Different types of graduated screens and eyepieces are used
Pitch Measuring Machine
Procedure:
• The pointer is accurately placed in position & micrometer reading is noted.
• The stylus is then moved along into the next thread space, by rotating the
micrometer, and a second reading taken.
• Difference between the two readings is the pitch of the thread.
Screw pitch gauge
Gauge Design
• Plug gauges are used to check external thread forms
• Ring gauges are used to check internal threads
• Taylors principles are applicable for thread gauging
also i.e.:
• GO gauge should check both size and geometry
and thus be full form
• NOT GO gauges should check only one dimension
so it is designed to check only the effective
diameter which is not influenced by errors in pitch
or form.
Measurement of Screw Thread Angle
(Flank angle)
Measurement of Effective Diameter
AP=OP-OA
Three Wire Method
• The three-wire method is more accurate as it ensures
the alignment of micrometer anvil faces parallel to the
thread axis.
• Three wires of equal & precise diameter are used.
• One wire is placed on one side and two on the other
side in the groves of the screw.
• The wires either may held in hand or hung from a
stand
Three Wire Method
Three Wire Method
M= Diameter over the wires
E= Effective Diameter (to be evaluated)
d= Diameter of wire
h = Height of wire center above the pitch line
r = Radius of wire
H = Depth of thread
E M D = Major diameter of thread
Dia 'd'
P
A
h B
C
H
D E
M
E
Three Wire method
d
From the triangle ABD, AD AB cosec cosec
2 2 2
CD H P cot
2 4 2
d P
Further h ( AD CD) cosec cot
2 2 4 2
Distance over the wires, M E 2h 2r
P P
i.e. M E 2rcosec cot 2r E 2r 1 cosec cot
2 4 2 2 2 2
P
Or M E d 1 cosec cot
2 2 2
Best Wire Size
P/4
Pitch line
B A
P/2