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Learning Objectives
• Explain the importance of work design and the
relationship between Job design and
production planning.
• Explain the purpose of methods analysis and
describe how methods studies are performed.
• describe how to use motion study for job
design.
• Discuss the impact of working conditions on
job design.
What is the relationship between Job
design and production planning?
Job Design
• Job Enlargement
– Giving a worker a larger portion of the
total task by horizontal loading
• Job Rotation
– Workers periodically exchange jobs
• Job Enrichment
– Increasing responsibility for planning and
coordination tasks, by vertical loading
Job Enlargement/Enrichment
Enriched job
Planning
(Participate in a cross-
function quality
improvement team)
Enlarged job
Task #3 Present job Task #2
(Lock printed circuit (Manually insert and (Adhere labels
board into fixture for solder six resistors) to printed
next operation) circuit board)
Control
(Test circuits after
assembly)
Teams
• Benefits of teams
– Higher quality
– Higher productivity
– Greater worker satisfaction
• Self-directed teams
– Groups of empowered to make certain
changes in their work process
Self-Directed Teams
Group of empowered individuals
working together to reach a
common goal
May be organized for long-term or
short-term objectives
Effective because
Provide employee empowerment
Ensure core job characteristics
Meet individual psychological needs
Self-Directed Teams
Self-directed
teams
Increasing
Empowerment reliance on
employee’s
Enrichment contribution
and
Enlargement
increasing
responsibility
Specialization accepted by
employee
Job expansion
Motivation and Incentive
Systems
Used to analyze
1. Movement of individuals or material
Flow diagrams and process charts
2. Activities of human and machine and
crew activity
Activity charts
3. Body movement
Micro-motion charts
Methods Analysis Procedure
1.Identify the operation to be
studied
2.Get employee input
3.Study and document current
method
4.Analyze the job
5.Propose new methods
6.Install new methods
7.Follow-up to ensure improvements
have been achieved
Selecting an Operation
• Selecting a job to study consider:
– High labor content
– Done frequently
– Unsafe
– Tiring
– Unpleasant
– Noisy
– Designated problem (e.g. quality problems,
processing bottleneck)
Analyzing the Job
Job analysis requires thought about “what, why, when, where,
and who of the job”.
Details of Method
Requisition made by department head
Put in “pick-up” basket
To accounting department
Account and signature verified
Amount approved by treasurer
Amount counted by cashier
Amount recorded by bookkeeper
Petty cash sealed in envelope
Petty cash carried to department
Petty cash checked against requisition
Receipt signed
Petty cash stored in safety box
Flow Diagram
Welding
From
Storage bins
press
mach. Paint
shop
Mach. 3 Mach. 4
Machine 1
Mach. 2
Flow Diagram
Machine 4 Welding
Machine 3
Paint
Machine 2 shop
Machine 1
From
press Storage
mach. bins
Process
Chart
Activity Chart
Operation Chart
Current New Diff
Flow Chart Operation
Title:
Transportation
Storage
Dept.:
Delay
Analyst: Inspection
Distance or Time
Distance Time Symbols Activities
Motion Study
Analyst: Inspection
Distance or Time
Time left hand Symbols Right hand
Working Conditions
Temperature & Ventilation
Humidity
Illumination Color
Working Conditions (cont’d)
Noise & Vibration Work Breaks