First Year Science

Separating Mixtures
 Mixtures

Mixture: 2 or more E substances mingled

together but not chemically combined

Seawater Air Cup of tea

 Separating mixtures
• Important for many reasons
• Examples
– Crude oil separation
– Cleaning water for drinking
– Gas masks
– Making alcoholic drinks
– Processing blood samples
 Four methods we’ll study
1. Filtration 2. Evaporation 3. Distillation

4. Chromatography
 How do they work?

• All substances have Can you see any different

physical properties physical properties?
– Solid, liquid, boiling
point, melting point,
can dissolve, etc.

• To separate a mixture:
– Make use of the
different physical
properties
 1. Filtration
• Used to separate:
–Insoluble solid
–Liquid
• Examples:
–Soil & water
–Pasta & water
• Uses sieve or filter
paper
Filter paper
 Lab activity 12a (page 32)
To separate sand and water by filtration
 Four methods we’ll study
1. Filtration 2. Evaporation 3. Distillation

4. Chromatography
 2. Evaporation
• Separates:
– SOLUBLE solid or SOLUTE
– SOLVENT (Liquid)
• How does it work? E Solute: a substance whi
– Heat the solution
– Solvent evaporates
E Solvent: substance in which a solute
– Solute
dissolves (usually
(solid) a
is left behind liquid)

Solution: Formed when

E
a solute dissolves
in a solvent
 Lab activity 12b (page 33)
To separate sand, salt and water by
filtration and evaporation
 Four methods we’ll study
1. Filtration 2. Evaporation 3. Distillation

4. Chromatography
 3. Distillation
• Used to separate:
– Soluble solid and its solvent
– 2 liquids mixed together
• Uses boiling points
• Different to evaporation: can recover
both substances
 Lab activity 12c (page 34)
To separate copper sulfate (or alcohol)
from water by distillation
Condenser
Summary of changes of state
 Four methods we’ll study
1. Filtration 2. Evaporation 3. Distillation

4. Chromatography
 4. Chromatography
• Separates mixtures of substances in a solution
• For example:
– Dyes
– Blood samples
• Need to use a suitable solvent
• Move through the paper at different speeds
 Chromatography
paper

Add the coloured ink in

Here Here Here
small blobs

1 2 3 Draw a Pencil Line

 Lab activity 12d (page 35)
To separate the dyes in ink by paper
chromatography
On graph page……(in PENCIL)
 Chapter 19:
Separating Mixtures
DONE!!