MSA

• SANJAY KUMAR DEO

• INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
1
ROORKEE
• PROJECT REPORT 2016
2 • MEASUREMENT SYSTEM ANALYSIS

•PROJECT GUIDEs
• Mr. R a m d u r a i
3 • Mr. G u n j e s h K u m a r
• Mr. S a r f r a z A h m e d
• 1. Determine which measurement system
will be studied ACCORDING TO MSA PLAN AND THE
STUDY OF GAGE R & r.
• 2. Establish test procedure IN DIFFERENT
DEPARTMENTS FOR GAGE R & r.
• 3. Establish the number of sample parts,
the number of repeated readings, and the
number of operators that will be used.
• 4. Choose operators and sample parts.
 Measurement as a Process

• As in any process, regardless of the nature of data

collected or generated, measurement systems must
demonstrate
– Stability through time, or control
– Minimal variation as a proportion of specifications,
or capability
– Minimal variation as a proportion of process
variation
 Standard

Product or MEASUREMENT
Process to be Procedure PROCESS Equipment Measurement
Measured

Operator
Ambient
Environmental
Characteristics
 Definition of Terms

A Measurement System Analysis (MSA) is a specially designed

experiment that seeks to identify the components of variation in the
measurement.
• Reference Value
– The theoretically or agreed upon correct value of the characteristic
being measured, traceable to some standard
• Resolution
– The smallest increment, or unit of measure, available from a
measurement process
– Generally at least 1/10th of the specification range
• Precision
– The degree of agreement (or variability) between individual
measurements or test results from measuring the same
specimen(s)

• Accuracy (Bias)
– The difference between the average of the measurement
error distribution and the reference value of the specimen
measured
 Precision

Accuracy
 Measurement Error

Distribution of repeated
Precision
measures on a single
- Repeatability
specimen or part
- Reproducibility

Accuracy
(Bias)

Reference Value
 Possible Sources of Process Variation
Observed Process Variation

Actual Process Variation Measurement Variation

Long-term Short-term Variation Variation due

Variation due
Process Variation Process Variation w/i sample to gage
to operators

Repeatability Calibration Stability Linearity

 2 Observed Pr ocess   2 Actua l Pr ocess   2 Measurement System

 2 Measurement System   2 Re peatability   2 Re producibility
We will look at “repeatability” and “reproducibility” as primary contributors to
measurement error
Measurement System Terminology

Discrimination - Smallest detectable increment between two measured values.

Accuracy related terms

True value - Theoretically correct value.
Bias - Difference between the average value of all measurements of a sample and the
true value for that sample.

Precision related terms

Repeatability - Variability inherent in the measurement system under constant
conditions
Reproducibility - Variability among measurements made under different
conditions (e.g. different operators, measuring devices, etc.)
Stability - distribution of measurements that remains constant and predictable over time
for both the mean and standard deviation.
Linearity - A measure of any change in accuracy or precision over the range of
instrument capability.
 Bias
True
Value or Possible Causes of Bias
Standard
 Sensor not properly calibrated

Bias  Improper use of sensor

 Unclear procedures

Observed  Human limitations

Average

MSA for Continuous Processes

11 .PPT
 Repeatability
Possible Causes of Poor
Repeatability

Equipment
 Gage instrument needs
maintenance
 The gage needs to be more rigid

People
 Environmental conditions
(lighting, noise)
Repeatability  Physical conditions (eyesight)

MSA for Continuous Processes

12 .PPT
 Reproducibility
Mean of
the measurements Possible Causes of Poor
of Operator B Reproducibility
Mean of
the measurements  Measurement procedure is not
of Operator A clear

 Operator is not properly trained in

using and reading gage

 Operational Definitions not

established
Reproducibility

MSA for Continuous Processes

13 .PPT
 Measurement Capability Index - P/T

Precision to Tolerance Ratio

. *  MS
515
P/T  Usually expressed as
percent
Tolerance
Addresses what percent of the tolerance is taken up
by measurement error
Includes both repeatability and reproducibility
Operator x Unit x Trial experiment
Best case: 10% Acceptable: 30%

Note: 5.15 standard deviations accounts for 99% of Measurement System (MS) variation.
The use of 5.15 is an industry standard.
 Measurement Capability Index - % GR&R

 MS
%R & R  x 100 Usually expressed as
percent
 Observed Process Variation
Addresses what percent of the Observed Process Variation is taken up by
measurement error
%R&R is the best estimate of the effect of measurement systems on the validity of
process improvement studies (DOE)
Includes both repeatability and reproducibility
As a target, look for %R&R < 30%
Measurement Systems Capability
LSL Measurement USL
Error Distribution

 E   Rpt
2
  Rpd
2

5.15E

(USL - LSL)

%R &R  5.15 E 100

USL  LSL