MELAB3

DIESEL POWER PLANT

OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION

• FUNDAMENTALS INVOLVED

• STANDARDS ASSOCIATED

• EXISTING INSTALLATIONS

• ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION

Early Development of ICEs (1890)
GEORGE BRAYTON
American Engineer based in
Boston, MA

1850: Started experiment on

Internal Combustion Engines

1870: Patented a new type of

engine “The Ready Motor”

1890: Developed and filed last

patent for internal combustion
engine
George Brayton’s 1890 Patent

Brayton’s 1890 engine is a

vertical four-stroke that
featured fuel injection
Development of Diesel Engine
RUDOLF DIESEL
German Engineer based in
Augsburg, Germany

1885: Early stages of development

for CI-engine

1893-97: Further developed ideas

on CI-engine at Maschinenfabrik-
Augsburg-Nürnberg (MAN)

1897: February 17, demonstrated

success of the engine with 26.2%
efficiency
 First Diesel Engine
1897 Diesel Engine Specifications:

1 cylinder
Four-stroke
Water-cooled
Air injection of fuel

Output: 14.7 kW (20 hp)

Fuel cons.: 317 g/kWh (238 g/hp-hr)
Efficiency: 26.2%
Number of revolutions: 172 min-1
Displacement volume: 19.6 L
Bore: 250 mm
Stroke: 400 mm
Reciprocating Engines
• Top dead center (TDC), Bottom dead center (BDC),
Stroke, Bore, Intake valve, Exhaust valve, Clearance
volume, Displacement volume
• Compression ratio, r V max VBDC
r 
V min VTDC
Reciprocating Engines
• The mean effective
pressure (MEP) is a
pressure that, if it operated
on the piston during the
entire power stroke, would
produce the same amount
of net work as that
produced during the actual
cycle.

Wnet wnet
MEP  
Vmax  Vmin vmax  vmin
Air-Standard Assumptions
• The air continuously circulates in a closed loop and always
behaves as an ideal gas.

• All the processes that make up the cycle are internally

reversible.

• The combustion process is replaced by a heat-addition process

from an external source.

• A heat rejection process that restores the working fluid to its

initial state replaces the exhaust process.

• The cold-air-standard assumptions apply when the working

fluid is air and has constant specific heat evaluated at room
temperature (25oC or 77oF).
Fundamentals
How does it work?
Diesel Engine w/ Accessories
Thermal Efficiency of Diesel Engine

rc is the cutoff ratio, defined as the ratio of the cylinder

volumes after and before the combustion process.
Measuring Power
Torque and Power
Torque – amount of work

Power – rate of doing work

General Diesel PP Layout
General Assembly
• Fuel Supply System - It consists of storage tank,
strainers, fuel transfer pump, all day fuel tank, filters and
fuel injection pump.

• Air Intake System - Supplies necessary air to the engine

for fuel combustion. It consists of pipes for the supply of
fresh air to the engine manifold.

• Exhaust System - Leads the engine exhaust gas outside

the building and discharges it into atmosphere.
General Assembly
• Engine start system - An arrangement to rotate the
engine initially while starting, until firing starts and the unit
runs with its own power.

• Lubrication system - Minimizes wear of rubbing surfaces

of the engine. Comprises of lubricating oil tank, pump,
filter and oil cooler.

• Cooling System – responsible in keeping the

temperature of engine parts within safe operating limits,
cooling is provided. Generally consists of a water source,
pump and cooling towers.
Fuel Rating

OCTANE RATING CETANE RATING

Gasoline Fuel Diesel Fuel

BioDiesel Fuel Types
Primarily based on FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester)

Europe
• RME – Rapeseed Methyl Ester

Americas
• SME- Soy Methyl Ester

Asia
• PME – Palm Methyl Ester

PHILIPPINES
• CME – Coconut Methyl Ester
Standards Associated
R.A. 8749
R.A. 8749
R.A. 8749
R.A. 8749
R.A. 8749
 Existing Installations
Dependable
Facility Fuel Owner
Capcity
One Subic Power
SUBIC DPP 110 Diesel
Generation Corp.
TMO 150 Diesel Therma Marine, Inc.
CALIBU DPP 30 Diesel Angeles Power Inc.
Angeles Electric
PETERSVILLE DPP 6 Diesel
Corp.
BAUANG DPP 180 Diesel 1590 Energy Corp.
First Cabanatuan
FCVC DPP 26 Diesel
Venture Corp.
TARLAC POWER 15 Diesel Tarlac Power Corp.
TRANS ASIA
48 Diesel Trans Asia Power
POWER
CIP II 21 Diesel CIP II Power Corp.
Subic Diesel Power Plant (116 MW)
Bauang Diesel Power Plant (235 MW)
Performance of Diesel Power Plant
Heat Supplied by fuel, Qs; Piston Displacement, VD:
𝝅𝑫𝟐
Qs= mf x Qh VD =( ) 𝑳𝑵𝒏𝒄 𝒏𝒑
Where; mf = mass flow of fuel 𝟒
Where;
Qh = heating value of fuel D = bore or diameter of the piston
L= length of stroke
N= Engine speed
𝑛𝑐 = no. of cylinders
𝑛𝑝 = no. of piston actions

Air Fuel Ratio, A/F;

Piston Speed ;
A/F = ma / mf Piston speed= 2LN
Where; ma= mass of air Where; 2L =distance travel by piston in one rev.
mf = mass of fuel N = angular speed in rpm or rps
 Performance of Diesel Power Plant
Indicated Power, P ind: Brake Power , Pb
𝟐𝝅𝑻𝑵
Pind= Pmi VD Pb =
𝟔𝟎
Where; Where: T=F x r
T= brake torque
Pmi = indicated mean effective pressure N= engine rotational speed in rpm
F= brake force or brake load
r= brake arm or torque arm

Pb = Pmib x VD
Friction Power, Pf: Where: Pb = brake power
Friction Power = Indicated Power – Brake Power Pmib = brake mean effective pressure
VD =piston displacement
Pf = Pind - Pb
Performance of Diesel Power Plant
Mechanical Efficiency, em
𝑷𝒃 𝑷𝒎𝒃
em= or em =
𝑷𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑷𝒎𝒊
Where:
Pb = brake power
Pind = indicated power
Pmi = indicated mean effective Pressure
Pmb = indicated mean brake pressure

Electrical or Generator Efficiency, egen

egen = 𝑷𝒈𝒆𝒏
𝑷𝒃
Where;
Pgen = generator power
Pb = brake Power
Performance of Diesel Power Plant
Thermal Efficiency
Indicated Thermal efficiency, eti
𝑷𝒊𝒏𝒅
eti =
𝒎𝒇 𝑸 𝒉

Brake Thermal efficiency, etb

𝑷𝒃
etb =
𝒎𝒇 𝑸 𝒉

Combined or over all thermal efficiency, etc

e tc =𝒎𝑷𝒇 𝑸 𝒉
𝒈𝒆𝒏
Performance of Diesel Power Plant
Engine Efficieny
Indicated Engine efficiency, eei
𝒆𝒕𝒊
eei =
𝒆
Brake Engine efficiency, eeb
𝒆𝒕𝒃
eeb =
𝒆
Combined or over all Engine efficiency, eec
𝒆𝒕𝒄
eec =
𝒆